Kaydet (Commit) bb27c128 authored tarafından Georg Brandl's avatar Georg Brandl

Review the new configparser docs.

üst 8d9a4e66
...@@ -34,215 +34,211 @@ customized by end users easily. ...@@ -34,215 +34,211 @@ customized by end users easily.
Support for a creating Unix shell-like mini-languages which can be used Support for a creating Unix shell-like mini-languages which can be used
as an alternate format for application configuration files. as an alternate format for application configuration files.
Quick Start Quick Start
----------- -----------
.. highlightlang:: none Let's take a very basic configuration file that looks like this:
Let's take a very basic configuration file that looks like this:: .. code-block:: ini
[DEFAULT] [DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45 ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9 CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes ForwardX11 = yes
[bitbucket.org] [bitbucket.org]
User = hg User = hg
[topsecret.server.com] [topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022 Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no ForwardX11 = no
The supported file structure of INI files is described `in the following section The supported file structure of INI files is described `in the following section
<#supported-ini-file-structure>`_, fow now all there's to know is that the file <#supported-ini-file-structure>`_, fow now all there is to know is that the file
consists of sections, each of which contains keys with values. consists of sections, each of which contains keys with values.
:mod:`configparser` classes can read and write such files. Let's start by :mod:`configparser` classes can read and write such files. Let's start by
creating the above configuration file programatically. creating the above configuration file programatically.
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> import configparser >>> import configparser
>>> config = configparser.RawConfigParser() >>> config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
>>> config['DEFAULT'] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45', >>> config['DEFAULT'] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45',
... 'Compression': 'yes', ... 'Compression': 'yes',
... 'CompressionLevel': '9'} ... 'CompressionLevel': '9'}
>>> config['bitbucket.org'] = {} >>> config['bitbucket.org'] = {}
>>> config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg' >>> config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'
>>> config['topsecret.server.com'] = {} >>> config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}
>>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com'] >>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
>>> topsecret['Port'] = '50022' # mutates the parser >>> topsecret['Port'] = '50022' # mutates the parser
>>> topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' # same here >>> topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' # same here
>>> config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes' >>> config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'
>>> with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile: >>> with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:
... config.write(configfile) ... config.write(configfile)
... ...
As you can see, we can treat a config parser just like a dictionary. There are As you can see, we can treat a config parser just like a dictionary. There are
a few differences, `outlined later on <#mapping-protocol-access>`_, but the a few differences, `outlined later on <#mapping-protocol-access>`_, but the
behaviour is very close to what you'd expect from a dictionary. behaviour is very close to what you would expect from a dictionary.
Now that we've created and saved a configuration file, let's try reading it Now that we have created and saved a configuration file, let's try reading it
back and exploring the data it holds. back and exploring the data it holds.
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> import configparser >>> import configparser
>>> config = configparser.RawConfigParser() >>> config = configparser.RawConfigParser()
>>> config.sections() >>> config.sections()
[] []
>>> config.read('example.ini') >>> config.read('example.ini')
['example.ini'] ['example.ini']
>>> config.sections() >>> config.sections()
['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com'] ['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']
>>> 'bitbucket.org' in config >>> 'bitbucket.org' in config
True True
>>> 'bytebong.com' in config >>> 'bytebong.com' in config
False False
>>> config['bitbucket.org']['User'] >>> config['bitbucket.org']['User']
'hg' 'hg'
>>> config['DEFAULT']['Compression'] >>> config['DEFAULT']['Compression']
'yes' 'yes'
>>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com'] >>> topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
>>> topsecret['ForwardX11'] >>> topsecret['ForwardX11']
'no' 'no'
>>> topsecret['Port'] >>> topsecret['Port']
'50022' '50022'
>>> for key in config['bitbucket.org']: print(key) >>> for key in config['bitbucket.org']: print(key)
... ...
user user
compressionlevel compressionlevel
serveraliveinterval serveraliveinterval
compression compression
forwardx11 forwardx11
>>> config['bitbucket.org']['ForwardX11'] >>> config['bitbucket.org']['ForwardX11']
'yes' 'yes'
As we can see above, the API is pretty straight forward. The only bit of magic As we can see above, the API is pretty straight forward. The only bit of magic
involves the ``DEFAULT`` section which provides default values for all other involves the ``DEFAULT`` section which provides default values for all other
sections [customizable]_. Another thing to note is that keys in sections are sections [1]_. Another thing to note is that keys in sections are
case-insensitive so they're stored in lowercase [customizable]_. case-insensitive so they're stored in lowercase [1]_.
Supported Datatypes Supported Datatypes
------------------- -------------------
Config parsers do not guess datatypes of values in configuration files, always Config parsers do not guess datatypes of values in configuration files, always
storing them internally as strings. This means that if you need other datatypes, storing them internally as strings. This means that if you need other
you should convert on your own: datatypes, you should convert on your own:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> int(topsecret['Port']) >>> int(topsecret['Port'])
50022 50022
>>> float(topsecret['CompressionLevel']) >>> float(topsecret['CompressionLevel'])
9.0 9.0
Converting to the boolean type is not that simple, though. Wrapping the return Converting to the boolean type is not that simple, though. Wrapping the return
value around ``bool()`` would do us no good since ``bool('False')`` is still value around ``bool()`` would do us no good since ``bool('False')`` is still
``True``. This is why config parsers also provide :meth:`getboolean`. This handy ``True``. This is why config parsers also provide :meth:`getboolean`. This
method is also case insensitive and correctly recognizes boolean values from handy method is also case insensitive and correctly recognizes boolean values
``'yes'``/``'no'``, ``'on'``/``'off'`` and ``'1'``/``'0'`` [customizable]_. An from ``'yes'``/``'no'``, ``'on'``/``'off'`` and ``'1'``/``'0'`` [1]_. An
example of getting the boolean value: example of getting the boolean value:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> topsecret.getboolean('ForwardX11') >>> topsecret.getboolean('ForwardX11')
False False
>>> config['bitbucket.org'].getboolean('ForwardX11') >>> config['bitbucket.org'].getboolean('ForwardX11')
True True
>>> config.getboolean('bitbucket.org', 'Compression') >>> config.getboolean('bitbucket.org', 'Compression')
True True
Apart from :meth:`getboolean`, config parsers also provide equivalent Apart from :meth:`getboolean`, config parsers also provide equivalent
:meth:`getint` and :meth:`getfloat` methods but these are far less useful :meth:`getint` and :meth:`getfloat` methods, but these are far less useful
because explicit casting is enough for these types. because explicit casting is enough for these types.
Fallback Values Fallback Values
--------------- ---------------
As with a regular dictionary, you can use a section's :meth:`get` method to As with a regular dictionary, you can use a section's :meth:`get` method to
provide fallback values: provide fallback values:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> topsecret.get('Port') >>> topsecret.get('Port')
'50022' '50022'
>>> topsecret.get('CompressionLevel') >>> topsecret.get('CompressionLevel')
'9' '9'
>>> topsecret.get('Cipher') >>> topsecret.get('Cipher')
>>> topsecret.get('Cipher', '3des-cbc') >>> topsecret.get('Cipher', '3des-cbc')
'3des-cbc' '3des-cbc'
Please note that default values have precedence over fallback values. For Please note that default values have precedence over fallback values. For
instance, in our example the ``CompressionLevel`` key was specified only in the instance, in our example the ``CompressionLevel`` key was specified only in the
``DEFAULT`` section. If we try to get it from the section ``DEFAULT`` section. If we try to get it from the section
``topsecret.server.com``, we will always get the default, even if we specify ``topsecret.server.com``, we will always get the default, even if we specify a
a fallback: fallback:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> topsecret.get('CompressionLevel', '3') >>> topsecret.get('CompressionLevel', '3')
'9' '9'
One more thing to be aware of is that the parser-level :meth:`get` method One more thing to be aware of is that the parser-level :meth:`get` method
provides a custom, more complex interface, maintained for backwards provides a custom, more complex interface, maintained for backwards
compatibility. When using this method, a fallback value can be provided via the compatibility. When using this method, a fallback value can be provided via the
``fallback`` keyword-only argument: ``fallback`` keyword-only argument:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> config.get('bitbucket.org', 'monster', >>> config.get('bitbucket.org', 'monster',
... fallback='No such things as monsters') ... fallback='No such things as monsters')
'No such things as monsters' 'No such things as monsters'
The same ``fallback`` argument can be used with the :meth:`getint`, The same ``fallback`` argument can be used with the :meth:`getint`,
:meth:`getfloat` and :meth:`getboolean` methods, for example: :meth:`getfloat` and :meth:`getboolean` methods, for example:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> 'BatchMode' in topsecret >>> 'BatchMode' in topsecret
False False
>>> topsecret.getboolean('BatchMode', fallback=True) >>> topsecret.getboolean('BatchMode', fallback=True)
True True
>>> config['DEFAULT']['BatchMode'] = 'no' >>> config['DEFAULT']['BatchMode'] = 'no'
>>> topsecret.getboolean('BatchMode', fallback=True) >>> topsecret.getboolean('BatchMode', fallback=True)
False False
Supported INI File Structure Supported INI File Structure
---------------------------- ----------------------------
A configuration file consists of sections, each led by a ``[section]`` header, A configuration file consists of sections, each led by a ``[section]`` header,
followed by key/value entries separated by a specific string (``=`` or ``:`` by followed by key/value entries separated by a specific string (``=`` or ``:`` by
default [customizable]_). By default, section names are case sensitive but keys default [1]_). By default, section names are case sensitive but keys are not
are not [customizable]_. Leading und trailing whitespace is removed from keys and from values. [1]_. Leading und trailing whitespace is removed from keys and from values.
Values can be omitted, in which case the key/value delimiter may also be left Values can be omitted, in which case the key/value delimiter may also be left
out. Values can also span multiple lines, as long as they are indented deeper out. Values can also span multiple lines, as long as they are indented deeper
than the first line of the value. Depending on the parser's mode, blank lines than the first line of the value. Depending on the parser's mode, blank lines
may be treated as parts of multiline values or ignored. may be treated as parts of multiline values or ignored.
Configuration files may include comments, prefixed by specific characters (``#`` Configuration files may include comments, prefixed by specific characters (``#``
and ``;`` by default [customizable]_). Comments may appear on their own in an and ``;`` by default [1]_). Comments may appear on their own in an otherwise
otherwise empty line, or may be entered in lines holding values or section empty line, or may be entered in lines holding values or section names. In the
names. In the latter case, they need to be preceded by a whitespace character latter case, they need to be preceded by a whitespace character to be recognized
to be recognized as a comment. (For backwards compatibility, by default only as a comment. (For backwards compatibility, by default only ``;`` starts an
``;`` starts an inline comment, while ``#`` does not [customizable]_.) inline comment, while ``#`` does not [1]_.)
On top of the core functionality, :class:`SafeConfigParser` supports On top of the core functionality, :class:`SafeConfigParser` supports
interpolation. This means values can contain format strings which refer to interpolation. This means values can contain format strings which refer to
other values in the same section, or values in a special ``DEFAULT`` section other values in the same section, or values in a special ``DEFAULT`` section
[customizable]_. Additional defaults can be provided on initialization. [1]_. Additional defaults can be provided on initialization.
.. highlightlang:: none For example:
For example:: .. code-block:: ini
[Paths] [Paths]
home_dir: /Users home_dir: /Users
...@@ -286,20 +282,20 @@ value of ``my_pictures`` and ``%(home_dir)s/lumberjack`` as the value of ...@@ -286,20 +282,20 @@ value of ``my_pictures`` and ``%(home_dir)s/lumberjack`` as the value of
``my_dir``. Other features presented in the example are handled in the same ``my_dir``. Other features presented in the example are handled in the same
manner by both parsers. manner by both parsers.
Mapping Protocol Access Mapping Protocol Access
----------------------- -----------------------
.. versionadded:: 3.2 .. versionadded:: 3.2
.. highlightlang:: python
Mapping protocol access is a generic name for functionality that enables using Mapping protocol access is a generic name for functionality that enables using
custom objects as if they were dictionaries. In case of :mod:`configparser`, custom objects as if they were dictionaries. In case of :mod:`configparser`,
the mapping interface implementation is using the the mapping interface implementation is using the
``parser['section']['option']`` notation. ``parser['section']['option']`` notation.
``parser['section']`` in particular returns a proxy for the section's data in ``parser['section']`` in particular returns a proxy for the section's data in
the parser. This means that the values are not copied but they are taken from the parser. This means that the values are not copied but they are taken from
the original parser on demand. What's even more important is that when values the original parser on demand. What's even more important is that when values
are changed on a section proxy, they are actually mutated in the original are changed on a section proxy, they are actually mutated in the original
parser. parser.
...@@ -307,46 +303,46 @@ parser. ...@@ -307,46 +303,46 @@ parser.
The mapping interface is complete and adheres to the ``MutableMapping`` ABC. The mapping interface is complete and adheres to the ``MutableMapping`` ABC.
However, there are a few differences that should be taken into account: However, there are a few differences that should be taken into account:
* by default, all keys in sections are accessible in a case-insensitive manner * By default, all keys in sections are accessible in a case-insensitive manner
[customizable]_. E.g. ``for option in parser["section"]`` yields only [1]_. E.g. ``for option in parser["section"]`` yields only ``optionxform``'ed
``optionxform``'ed option key names. This means lowercased keys by default. option key names. This means lowercased keys by default. At the same time,
At the same time, for a section that holds the key ``"a"``, both expressions for a section that holds the key ``"a"``, both expressions return ``True``::
return ``True``::
"a" in parser["section"] "a" in parser["section"]
"A" in parser["section"] "A" in parser["section"]
* all sections include ``DEFAULTSECT`` values as well which means that * All sections include ``DEFAULTSECT`` values as well which means that
``.clear()`` on a section may not leave the section visibly empty. This is ``.clear()`` on a section may not leave the section visibly empty. This is
because default values cannot be deleted from the section (because technically because default values cannot be deleted from the section (because technically
they are not there). If they are overriden in the section, deleting causes the they are not there). If they are overriden in the section, deleting causes
default value to be visible again. Trying to delete a default value causes the default value to be visible again. Trying to delete a default value
a ``KeyError``. causes a ``KeyError``.
* trying to delete the ``DEFAULTSECT`` throws ``ValueError`` * Trying to delete the ``DEFAULTSECT`` throws ``ValueError``.
* there are two parser-level methods in the legacy API that hide * There are two parser-level methods in the legacy API that hide the dictionary
the dictionary interface and are incompatible: interface and are incompatible:
* ``parser.get(section, option, **kwargs)`` - the second argument is **not** * ``parser.get(section, option, **kwargs)`` - the second argument is **not** a
a fallback value fallback value
* ``parser.items(section)`` - this returns a list of ``(option, value)`` * ``parser.items(section)`` - this returns a list of ``(option, value)`` pairs
pairs for a specified ``section``. for a specified ``section``
The mapping protocol is implemented on top of the existing legacy API so that The mapping protocol is implemented on top of the existing legacy API so that
subclassing the original interface makes the mappings work as expected as well. subclassing the original interface makes the mappings work as expected as well.
One difference is the explicit lack of support for the `__name__` special key. One difference is the explicit lack of support for the ``__name__`` special key.
This is because the existing behaviour of `__name__` is very inconsistent and This is because the existing behaviour of ``__name__`` is very inconsistent and
supporting it would only lead to problems. Details `here supporting it would only lead to problems. Details `here
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2010-July/102556.html>`_. <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2010-July/102556.html>`_.
Customizing Parser Behaviour Customizing Parser Behaviour
---------------------------- ----------------------------
There are nearly as many INI format variants as there are applications using it. There are nearly as many INI format variants as there are applications using it.
:mod:`configparser` goes a long way to provide support for the largest sensible :mod:`configparser` goes a long way to provide support for the largest sensible
set of INI styles available. The default functionality is mainly dictated by set of INI styles available. The default functionality is mainly dictated by
historical background and it's very likely that you will want to customize some historical background and it's very likely that you will want to customize some
of the features. of the features.
...@@ -356,7 +352,7 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options: ...@@ -356,7 +352,7 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options:
* *defaults*, default value: ``None`` * *defaults*, default value: ``None``
This option accepts a dictionary of key-value pairs which will be initially This option accepts a dictionary of key-value pairs which will be initially
put in the ``DEFAULTSECT``. This makes for an elegant way to support concise put in the ``DEFAULTSECT``. This makes for an elegant way to support concise
configuration files that don't specify values which are the same as the configuration files that don't specify values which are the same as the
documented default. documented default.
...@@ -366,68 +362,66 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options: ...@@ -366,68 +362,66 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options:
* *dict_type*, default value: :class:`collections.OrderedDict` * *dict_type*, default value: :class:`collections.OrderedDict`
This option has a major impact on how the mapping protocol will behave and how This option has a major impact on how the mapping protocol will behave and how
the written configuration files will look like. With the default ordered the written configuration files will look like. With the default ordered
dictionary, every section is stored in the order they were added to the dictionary, every section is stored in the order they were added to the
parser. Same goes for options within sections. parser. Same goes for options within sections.
An alternative dictionary type can be used for example to sort sections and An alternative dictionary type can be used for example to sort sections and
options on write-back. You can also use a regular dictionary for performance options on write-back. You can also use a regular dictionary for performance
reasons. reasons.
Please note: there are ways to add a set of key-value pairs in a single Please note: there are ways to add a set of key-value pairs in a single
operation. When you use a regular dictionary in those operations, the order of operation. When you use a regular dictionary in those operations, the order
the keys may be random. For example: of the keys may be random. For example:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> parser = configparser.RawConfigParser() >>> parser = configparser.RawConfigParser()
>>> parser.read_dict({'section1': {'key1': 'value1', >>> parser.read_dict({'section1': {'key1': 'value1',
... 'key2': 'value2', ... 'key2': 'value2',
... 'key3': 'value3'}, ... 'key3': 'value3'},
... 'section2': {'keyA': 'valueA', ... 'section2': {'keyA': 'valueA',
... 'keyB': 'valueB', ... 'keyB': 'valueB',
... 'keyC': 'valueC'}, ... 'keyC': 'valueC'},
... 'section3': {'foo': 'x', ... 'section3': {'foo': 'x',
... 'bar': 'y', ... 'bar': 'y',
... 'baz': 'z'} ... 'baz': 'z'}
... }) ... })
>>> parser.sections() >>> parser.sections()
['section3', 'section2', 'section1'] ['section3', 'section2', 'section1']
>>> [option for option in parser['section3']] >>> [option for option in parser['section3']]
['baz', 'foo', 'bar'] ['baz', 'foo', 'bar']
In these operations you need to use an ordered dictionary as well: In these operations you need to use an ordered dictionary as well:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> from collections import OrderedDict >>> from collections import OrderedDict
>>> parser = configparser.RawConfigParser() >>> parser = configparser.RawConfigParser()
>>> parser.read_dict( >>> parser.read_dict(
... OrderedDict(( ... OrderedDict((
... ('s1', ... ('s1',
... OrderedDict(( ... OrderedDict((
... ('1', '2'), ... ('1', '2'),
... ('3', '4'), ... ('3', '4'),
... ('5', '6'), ... ('5', '6'),
... )) ... ))
... ), ... ),
... ('s2', ... ('s2',
... OrderedDict(( ... OrderedDict((
... ('a', 'b'), ... ('a', 'b'),
... ('c', 'd'), ... ('c', 'd'),
... ('e', 'f'), ... ('e', 'f'),
... )) ... ))
... ), ... ),
... )) ... ))
... ) ... )
>>> parser.sections() >>> parser.sections()
['s1', 's2'] ['s1', 's2']
>>> [option for option in parser['s1']] >>> [option for option in parser['s1']]
['1', '3', '5'] ['1', '3', '5']
>>> [option for option in parser['s2'].values()] >>> [option for option in parser['s2'].values()]
['b', 'd', 'f'] ['b', 'd', 'f']
* *allow_no_value*, default value: ``False`` * *allow_no_value*, default value: ``False``
...@@ -436,35 +430,34 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options: ...@@ -436,35 +430,34 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options:
*allow_no_value* parameter to the :meth:`__init__` method can be used to *allow_no_value* parameter to the :meth:`__init__` method can be used to
indicate that such values should be accepted: indicate that such values should be accepted:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> import configparser >>> import configparser
>>> sample_config = """ >>> sample_config = """
... [mysqld] ... [mysqld]
... user = mysql ... user = mysql
... pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ... pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
... skip-external-locking ... skip-external-locking
... old_passwords = 1 ... old_passwords = 1
... skip-bdb ... skip-bdb
... skip-innodb # we don't need ACID today ... skip-innodb # we don't need ACID today
... """ ... """
>>> config = configparser.RawConfigParser(allow_no_value=True) >>> config = configparser.RawConfigParser(allow_no_value=True)
>>> config.read_string(sample_config) >>> config.read_string(sample_config)
>>> # Settings with values are treated as before: >>> # Settings with values are treated as before:
>>> config["mysqld"]["user"] >>> config["mysqld"]["user"]
'mysql' 'mysql'
>>> # Settings without values provide None: >>> # Settings without values provide None:
>>> config["mysqld"]["skip-bdb"] >>> config["mysqld"]["skip-bdb"]
>>> # Settings which aren't specified still raise an error: >>> # Settings which aren't specified still raise an error:
>>> config["mysqld"]["does-not-exist"] >>> config["mysqld"]["does-not-exist"]
Traceback (most recent call last): Traceback (most recent call last):
... ...
KeyError: 'does-not-exist' KeyError: 'does-not-exist'
* *delimiters*, default value: ``('=', ':')`` * *delimiters*, default value: ``('=', ':')``
...@@ -480,9 +473,9 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options: ...@@ -480,9 +473,9 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options:
lines, ``';'`` valid also on non-empty lines) lines, ``';'`` valid also on non-empty lines)
Comment prefixes are substrings that indicate the start of a valid comment Comment prefixes are substrings that indicate the start of a valid comment
within a config file. The peculiar default value allows for comments starting within a config file. The peculiar default value allows for comments starting
with ``'#'`` or ``';'`` but only the latter can be used in a non-empty line. with ``'#'`` or ``';'`` but only the latter can be used in a non-empty line.
This is obviously dictated by backwards compatibiliy. A more predictable This is obviously dictated by backwards compatibiliy. A more predictable
approach would be to specify prefixes as ``('#', ';')`` which will allow for approach would be to specify prefixes as ``('#', ';')`` which will allow for
both prefixes to be used in non-empty lines. both prefixes to be used in non-empty lines.
...@@ -494,35 +487,34 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options: ...@@ -494,35 +487,34 @@ the :meth:`__init__` options:
If set to ``True``, the parser will not allow for any section or option If set to ``True``, the parser will not allow for any section or option
duplicates while reading from a single source (using :meth:`read_file`, duplicates while reading from a single source (using :meth:`read_file`,
:meth:`read_string` or :meth:`read_dict`). The default is ``False`` only :meth:`read_string` or :meth:`read_dict`). The default is ``False`` only
because of backwards compatibility reasons. It's recommended to use strict because of backwards compatibility reasons. It is recommended to use strict
parsers in new applications. parsers in new applications.
* *empty_lines_in_values*, default value: ``True`` * *empty_lines_in_values*, default value: ``True``
.. highlightlang:: none In config parsers, values can be multiline as long as they are indented deeper
than the key that holds them. By default parsers also let empty lines to be
parts of values. At the same time, keys can be arbitrarily indented
themselves to improve readability. In consequence, when configuration files
get big and complex, it is easy for the user to lose track of the file
structure. Take for instance:
In config parsers, values can be multiline as long as they're indented deeper .. code-block:: ini
than the key that holds them. By default parsers also let empty lines to be
parts of values. At the same time, keys can be arbitrarily indented themselves
to improve readability. In consequence, when configuration files get big and
complex, it's easy for the user to lose track of the file structure. Take for
instance::
[Section] [Section]
key = multiline key = multiline
value with a gotcha value with a gotcha
this = is still a part of the multiline value of 'key' this = is still a part of the multiline value of 'key'
This can be especially problematic for the user to see if she's using This can be especially problematic for the user to see if she's using a
a proportional font to edit the file. That's why when your application does proportional font to edit the file. That is why when your application does
not need values with empty lines, you should consider disallowing them. This not need values with empty lines, you should consider disallowing them. This
will make empty lines split keys every time. In the example above, it would will make empty lines split keys every time. In the example above, it would
produce two keys, ``key`` and ``this``. produce two keys, ``key`` and ``this``.
.. highlightlang:: python
More advanced customization may be achieved by overriding default values of the More advanced customization may be achieved by overriding default values of the
following parser members: following parser members:
...@@ -531,22 +523,21 @@ following parser members: ...@@ -531,22 +523,21 @@ following parser members:
By default when using :meth:`getboolean`, config parsers consider the By default when using :meth:`getboolean`, config parsers consider the
following values ``True``: ``'1'``, ``'yes'``, ``'true'``, ``'on'`` and the following values ``True``: ``'1'``, ``'yes'``, ``'true'``, ``'on'`` and the
following values ``False``: ``'0'``, ``'no'``, ``'false'``, ``'off'``. You can following values ``False``: ``'0'``, ``'no'``, ``'false'``, ``'off'``. You
override this by specifying a custom dictionary of strings and their boolean can override this by specifying a custom dictionary of strings and their
outcomes. For example: boolean outcomes. For example:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> custom = configparser.RawConfigParser() >>> custom = configparser.RawConfigParser()
>>> custom['section1'] = {'funky': 'nope'} >>> custom['section1'] = {'funky': 'nope'}
>>> custom['section1'].getboolean('funky') >>> custom['section1'].getboolean('funky')
Traceback (most recent call last): Traceback (most recent call last):
... ...
ValueError: Not a boolean: nope ValueError: Not a boolean: nope
>>> custom.BOOLEAN_STATES = {'sure': True, 'nope': False} >>> custom.BOOLEAN_STATES = {'sure': True, 'nope': False}
>>> custom['section1'].getboolean('funky') >>> custom['section1'].getboolean('funky')
False False
Other typical boolean pairs include ``accept``/``reject`` or Other typical boolean pairs include ``accept``/``reject`` or
``enabled``/``disabled``. ``enabled``/``disabled``.
...@@ -554,42 +545,42 @@ following parser members: ...@@ -554,42 +545,42 @@ following parser members:
* :meth:`RawConfigParser.optionxform` * :meth:`RawConfigParser.optionxform`
This is a method that transforms option names on every read or set operation. This is a method that transforms option names on every read or set operation.
By default it converts the name to lowercase. This also means that when By default it converts the name to lowercase. This also means that when a
a configuration file gets written, all keys will be lowercase. If you find configuration file gets written, all keys will be lowercase. If you find that
that behaviour unsuitable, you can override this method. For example: behaviour unsuitable, you can override this method. For example:
.. highlightlang:: python
.. doctest:: .. doctest::
>>> config = """ >>> config = """
... [Section1] ... [Section1]
... Key = Value ... Key = Value
... ...
... [Section2] ... [Section2]
... AnotherKey = Value ... AnotherKey = Value
... """ ... """
>>> typical = configparser.RawConfigParser() >>> typical = configparser.RawConfigParser()
>>> typical.read_string(config) >>> typical.read_string(config)
>>> list(typical['Section1'].keys()) >>> list(typical['Section1'].keys())
['key'] ['key']
>>> list(typical['Section2'].keys()) >>> list(typical['Section2'].keys())
['anotherkey'] ['anotherkey']
>>> custom = configparser.RawConfigParser() >>> custom = configparser.RawConfigParser()
>>> custom.optionxform = lambda option: option >>> custom.optionxform = lambda option: option
>>> custom.read_string(config) >>> custom.read_string(config)
>>> list(custom['Section1'].keys()) >>> list(custom['Section1'].keys())
['Key'] ['Key']
>>> list(custom['Section2'].keys()) >>> list(custom['Section2'].keys())
['AnotherKey'] ['AnotherKey']
Legacy API Examples Legacy API Examples
------------------- -------------------
Mainly because of backwards compatibility concerns, :mod:`configparser` Mainly because of backwards compatibility concerns, :mod:`configparser` provides
provides also a legacy API with explicit ``get``/``set`` methods. While there also a legacy API with explicit ``get``/``set`` methods. While there are valid
are valid use cases for the methods outlined below, mapping protocol access use cases for the methods outlined below, mapping protocol access is preferred
is preferred for new projects. The legacy API is at times more advanced, for new projects. The legacy API is at times more advanced, low-level and
low-level and downright counterintuitive. downright counterintuitive.
An example of writing to a configuration file:: An example of writing to a configuration file::
...@@ -668,7 +659,7 @@ you absolutely have to, a :class:`ConfigParser`:: ...@@ -668,7 +659,7 @@ you absolutely have to, a :class:`ConfigParser`::
# -> None # -> None
Defaults are available in all three types of ConfigParsers. They are used in Defaults are available in all three types of ConfigParsers. They are used in
interpolation if an option used is not defined elsewhere. :: interpolation if an option used is not defined elsewhere. ::
import configparser import configparser
...@@ -682,6 +673,7 @@ interpolation if an option used is not defined elsewhere. :: ...@@ -682,6 +673,7 @@ interpolation if an option used is not defined elsewhere. ::
config.remove_option('Section1', 'baz') config.remove_option('Section1', 'baz')
print(config.get('Section1', 'foo')) # -> "Life is hard!" print(config.get('Section1', 'foo')) # -> "Life is hard!"
.. _rawconfigparser-objects: .. _rawconfigparser-objects:
RawConfigParser Objects RawConfigParser Objects
...@@ -720,211 +712,215 @@ RawConfigParser Objects ...@@ -720,211 +712,215 @@ RawConfigParser Objects
*empty_lines_in_values* were added. *empty_lines_in_values* were added.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.defaults() .. method:: defaults()
Return a dictionary containing the instance-wide defaults. Return a dictionary containing the instance-wide defaults.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.sections() .. method:: sections()
Return a list of the sections available; ``DEFAULT`` is not included in the Return a list of the sections available; ``DEFAULT`` is not included in
list. the list.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.add_section(section) .. method:: add_section(section)
Add a section named *section* to the instance. If a section by the given name Add a section named *section* to the instance. If a section by the given
already exists, :exc:`DuplicateSectionError` is raised. If the name name already exists, :exc:`DuplicateSectionError` is raised. If the name
``DEFAULT`` (or any of it's case-insensitive variants) is passed, ``DEFAULT`` (or any of it's case-insensitive variants) is passed,
:exc:`ValueError` is raised. :exc:`ValueError` is raised.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.has_section(section)
Indicates whether the named section is present in the configuration. The .. method:: has_section(section)
``DEFAULT`` section is not acknowledged.
Indicates whether the named section is present in the configuration. The
``DEFAULT`` section is not acknowledged.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.options(section)
Returns a list of options available in the specified *section*. .. method:: options(section)
Return a list of options available in the specified *section*.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.has_option(section, option)
If the given section exists, and contains the given option, return .. method:: has_option(section, option)
:const:`True`; otherwise return :const:`False`.
If the given section exists, and contains the given option, return
:const:`True`; otherwise return :const:`False`.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.read(filenames, encoding=None)
Attempt to read and parse a list of filenames, returning a list of filenames .. method:: read(filenames, encoding=None)
which were successfully parsed. If *filenames* is a string, it is treated as
a single filename. If a file named in *filenames* cannot be opened, that
file will be ignored. This is designed so that you can specify a list of
potential configuration file locations (for example, the current directory,
the user's home directory, and some system-wide directory), and all existing
configuration files in the list will be read. If none of the named files
exist, the :class:`ConfigParser` instance will contain an empty dataset. An
application which requires initial values to be loaded from a file should
load the required file or files using :meth:`read_file` before calling
:meth:`read` for any optional files::
import configparser, os Attempt to read and parse a list of filenames, returning a list of
filenames which were successfully parsed. If *filenames* is a string, it
is treated as a single filename. If a file named in *filenames* cannot be
opened, that file will be ignored. This is designed so that you can
specify a list of potential configuration file locations (for example, the
current directory, the user's home directory, and some system-wide
directory), and all existing configuration files in the list will be read.
If none of the named files exist, the :class:`ConfigParser` instance will
contain an empty dataset. An application which requires initial values to
be loaded from a file should load the required file or files using
:meth:`read_file` before calling :meth:`read` for any optional files::
config = configparser.ConfigParser() import configparser, os
config.read_file(open('defaults.cfg'))
config.read(['site.cfg', os.path.expanduser('~/.myapp.cfg')], encoding='cp1250')
.. versionadded:: 3.2 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
The *encoding* parameter. Previously, all files were read using the config.read_file(open('defaults.cfg'))
default encoding for :func:`open`. config.read(['site.cfg', os.path.expanduser('~/.myapp.cfg')],
encoding='cp1250')
.. versionadded:: 3.2
The *encoding* parameter. Previously, all files were read using the
default encoding for :func:`open`.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.read_file(f, source=None)
Read and parse configuration data from the file or file-like object in *f* .. method:: read_file(f, source=None)
(only the :meth:`readline` method is used). The file-like object must
operate in text mode, i.e. return strings from :meth:`readline`.
Optional argument *source* specifies the name of the file being read. It not Read and parse configuration data from the file or file-like object in *f*
given and *f* has a :attr:`name` attribute, that is used for *source*; the (only the :meth:`readline` method is used). The file-like object must
default is ``<???>``. operate in text mode, i.e. return strings from :meth:`readline`.
.. versionadded:: 3.2 Optional argument *source* specifies the name of the file being read. If
Renamed from :meth:`readfp` (with the ``filename`` attribute renamed to not given and *f* has a :attr:`name` attribute, that is used for *source*;
``source`` for consistency with other ``read_*`` methods). the default is ``<???>``.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
Renamed from :meth:`readfp` (with the ``filename`` attribute renamed to
``source`` for consistency with other ``read_*`` methods).
.. method:: RawConfigParser.read_string(string, source='<string>')
Parse configuration data from a given string. .. method:: read_string(string, source='<string>')
Optional argument *source* specifies a context-specific name of the string Parse configuration data from a given string.
passed. If not given, ``<string>`` is used.
.. versionadded:: 3.2 Optional argument *source* specifies a context-specific name of the string
passed. If not given, ``<string>`` is used.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
.. method:: RawConfigParser.read_dict(dictionary, source='<dict>')
Load configuration from a dictionary. Keys are section names, values are .. method:: read_dict(dictionary, source='<dict>')
dictionaries with keys and values that should be present in the section. If
the used dictionary type preserves order, sections and their keys will be
added in order. Values are automatically converted to strings.
Optional argument *source* specifies a context-specific name of the Load configuration from a dictionary. Keys are section names, values are
dictionary passed. If not given, ``<dict>`` is used. dictionaries with keys and values that should be present in the section.
If the used dictionary type preserves order, sections and their keys will
be added in order. Values are automatically converted to strings.
.. versionadded:: 3.2 Optional argument *source* specifies a context-specific name of the
dictionary passed. If not given, ``<dict>`` is used.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.get(section, option, [vars, fallback]) .. versionadded:: 3.2
Get an *option* value for the named *section*. If *vars* is provided, it .. method:: get(section, option, [vars, fallback])
must be a dictionary. The *option* is looked up in *vars* (if provided),
*section*, and in *DEFAULTSECT* in that order. If the key is not found and
*fallback* is provided, it is used as a fallback value. ``None`` can be
provided as a *fallback* value.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2 Get an *option* value for the named *section*. If *vars* is provided, it
Arguments *vars* and *fallback* are keyword only to protect users from must be a dictionary. The *option* is looked up in *vars* (if provided),
trying to use the third argument as the *fallback* fallback (especially *section*, and in *DEFAULTSECT* in that order. If the key is not found
when using the mapping protocol). and *fallback* is provided, it is used as a fallback value. ``None`` can
be provided as a *fallback* value.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
Arguments *vars* and *fallback* are keyword only to protect users from
trying to use the third argument as the *fallback* fallback (especially
when using the mapping protocol).
.. method:: RawConfigParser.getint(section, option, [vars, fallback])
A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section* to .. method:: getint(section, option, [vars, fallback])
an integer. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *vars* and *fallback*.
A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section*
to an integer. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *vars* and *fallback*.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.getfloat(section, option, [vars, fallback])
A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section* to .. method:: getfloat(section, option, [vars, fallback])
a floating point number. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *vars* and
*fallback*.
A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section*
to a floating point number. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *vars* and
*fallback*.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.getboolean(section, option, [vars, fallback])
A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section* .. method:: getboolean(section, option, [vars, fallback])
to a Boolean value. Note that the accepted values for the option are
``"1"``, ``"yes"``, ``"true"``, and ``"on"``, which cause this method to
return ``True``, and ``"0"``, ``"no"``, ``"false"``, and ``"off"``, which
cause it to return ``False``. These string values are checked in
a case-insensitive manner. Any other value will cause it to raise
:exc:`ValueError`. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *vars* and *fallback*.
A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section*
to a Boolean value. Note that the accepted values for the option are
``"1"``, ``"yes"``, ``"true"``, and ``"on"``, which cause this method to
return ``True``, and ``"0"``, ``"no"``, ``"false"``, and ``"off"``, which
cause it to return ``False``. These string values are checked in a
case-insensitive manner. Any other value will cause it to raise
:exc:`ValueError`. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *vars* and
*fallback*.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.items(section)
Return a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs for each option in the given .. method:: items(section)
*section*.
Return a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs for each option in the given
*section*.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.set(section, option, value)
If the given section exists, set the given option to the specified value; .. method:: set(section, option, value)
otherwise raise :exc:`NoSectionError`. While it is possible to use
:class:`RawConfigParser` (or :class:`ConfigParser` with *raw* parameters set
to true) for *internal* storage of non-string values, full functionality
(including interpolation and output to files) can only be achieved using
string values.
.. warning:: If the given section exists, set the given option to the specified value;
otherwise raise :exc:`NoSectionError`. While it is possible to use
:class:`RawConfigParser` (or :class:`ConfigParser` with *raw* parameters
set to true) for *internal* storage of non-string values, full
functionality (including interpolation and output to files) can only be
achieved using string values.
.. note::
This method lets users assign non-string values to keys internally. This This method lets users assign non-string values to keys internally.
behaviour is unsupported and will cause errors when attempting to write to This behaviour is unsupported and will cause errors when attempting to
a file or get it in non-raw mode. **Use the mapping protocol API** which does write to a file or get it in non-raw mode. **Use the mapping protocol
not allow such assignments to take place. API** which does not allow such assignments to take place.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.write(fileobject, space_around_delimiters=True) .. method:: write(fileobject, space_around_delimiters=True)
Write a representation of the configuration to the specified Write a representation of the configuration to the specified :term:`file
:term:`file object`, which must be opened in text mode (accepting strings). object`, which must be opened in text mode (accepting strings). This
This representation can be parsed by a future :meth:`read` call. If representation can be parsed by a future :meth:`read` call. If
``space_around_delimiters`` is ``True`` (the default), delimiters between ``space_around_delimiters`` is ``True`` (the default), delimiters between
keys and values are surrounded by spaces. keys and values are surrounded by spaces.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.remove_option(section, option) .. method:: remove_option(section, option)
Remove the specified *option* from the specified *section*. If the section does Remove the specified *option* from the specified *section*. If the
not exist, raise :exc:`NoSectionError`. If the option existed to be removed, section does not exist, raise :exc:`NoSectionError`. If the option
return :const:`True`; otherwise return :const:`False`. existed to be removed, return :const:`True`; otherwise return
:const:`False`.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.remove_section(section) .. method:: remove_section(section)
Remove the specified *section* from the configuration. If the section in fact Remove the specified *section* from the configuration. If the section in
existed, return ``True``. Otherwise return ``False``. fact existed, return ``True``. Otherwise return ``False``.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.optionxform(option) .. method:: optionxform(option)
Transforms the option name *option* as found in an input file or as passed in Transforms the option name *option* as found in an input file or as passed
by client code to the form that should be used in the internal structures. in by client code to the form that should be used in the internal
The default implementation returns a lower-case version of *option*; structures. The default implementation returns a lower-case version of
subclasses may override this or client code can set an attribute of this name *option*; subclasses may override this or client code can set an attribute
on instances to affect this behavior. of this name on instances to affect this behavior.
You don't necessarily need to subclass a ConfigParser to use this method, you You don't necessarily need to subclass a ConfigParser to use this method,
can also re-set it on an instance, to a function that takes a string you can also re-set it on an instance, to a function that takes a string
argument. Setting it to ``str``, for example, would make option names case argument. Setting it to ``str``, for example, would make option names
sensitive:: case sensitive::
cfgparser = ConfigParser() cfgparser = ConfigParser()
... ...
cfgparser.optionxform = str cfgparser.optionxform = str
Note that when reading configuration files, whitespace around the Note that when reading configuration files, whitespace around the option
option names are stripped before :meth:`optionxform` is called. names are stripped before :meth:`optionxform` is called.
.. method:: RawConfigParser.readfp(fp, filename=None) .. method:: readfp(fp, filename=None)
.. deprecated:: 3.2 .. deprecated:: 3.2
Please use :meth:`read_file` instead. Please use :meth:`read_file` instead.
.. _configparser-objects: .. _configparser-objects:
...@@ -933,8 +929,8 @@ ConfigParser Objects ...@@ -933,8 +929,8 @@ ConfigParser Objects
-------------------- --------------------
.. warning:: .. warning::
Whenever you can, consider using :class:`SafeConfigParser` which Whenever you can, consider using :class:`SafeConfigParser` which adds
adds validation and escaping for the interpolation. validation and escaping for the interpolation.
The :class:`ConfigParser` class extends some methods of the The :class:`ConfigParser` class extends some methods of the
:class:`RawConfigParser` interface, adding some optional arguments. :class:`RawConfigParser` interface, adding some optional arguments.
...@@ -966,54 +962,55 @@ The :class:`ConfigParser` class extends some methods of the ...@@ -966,54 +962,55 @@ The :class:`ConfigParser` class extends some methods of the
*strict* and *empty_lines_in_values* were added. *strict* and *empty_lines_in_values* were added.
.. method:: ConfigParser.get(section, option, raw=False, [vars, fallback]) .. method:: get(section, option, raw=False, [vars, fallback])
Get an *option* value for the named *section*. If *vars* is provided, it Get an *option* value for the named *section*. If *vars* is provided, it
must be a dictionary. The *option* is looked up in *vars* (if provided), must be a dictionary. The *option* is looked up in *vars* (if provided),
*section*, and in *DEFAULTSECT* in that order. If the key is not found and *section*, and in *DEFAULTSECT* in that order. If the key is not found
*fallback* is provided, it is used as a fallback value. ``None`` can be and *fallback* is provided, it is used as a fallback value. ``None`` can
provided as a *fallback* value. be provided as a *fallback* value.
All the ``'%'`` interpolations are expanded in the return values, unless the All the ``'%'`` interpolations are expanded in the return values, unless
*raw* argument is true. Values for interpolation keys are looked up in the the *raw* argument is true. Values for interpolation keys are looked up
same manner as the option. in the same manner as the option.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2 .. versionchanged:: 3.2
Arguments *raw*, *vars* and *fallback* are keyword only to protect users Arguments *raw*, *vars* and *fallback* are keyword only to protect
from trying to use the third argument as the *fallback* fallback users from trying to use the third argument as the *fallback* fallback
(especially when using the mapping protocol). (especially when using the mapping protocol).
.. method:: ConfigParser.getint(section, option, raw=False, [vars, fallback]) .. method:: getint(section, option, raw=False, [vars, fallback])
A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section* to A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section*
an integer. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*, *vars* and *fallback*. to an integer. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*, *vars* and
*fallback*.
.. method:: ConfigParser.getfloat(section, option, raw=False, [vars, fallback]) .. method:: getfloat(section, option, raw=False, [vars, fallback])
A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section* to A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section*
a floating point number. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*, *vars* to a floating point number. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*,
and *fallback*. *vars* and *fallback*.
.. method:: ConfigParser.getboolean(section, option, raw=False, [vars, fallback]) .. method:: getboolean(section, option, raw=False, [vars, fallback])
A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section* A convenience method which coerces the *option* in the specified *section*
to a Boolean value. Note that the accepted values for the option are to a Boolean value. Note that the accepted values for the option are
``"1"``, ``"yes"``, ``"true"``, and ``"on"``, which cause this method to ``"1"``, ``"yes"``, ``"true"``, and ``"on"``, which cause this method to
return ``True``, and ``"0"``, ``"no"``, ``"false"``, and ``"off"``, which return ``True``, and ``"0"``, ``"no"``, ``"false"``, and ``"off"``, which
cause it to return ``False``. These string values are checked in cause it to return ``False``. These string values are checked in a
a case-insensitive manner. Any other value will cause it to raise case-insensitive manner. Any other value will cause it to raise
:exc:`ValueError`. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*, *vars* and :exc:`ValueError`. See :meth:`get` for explanation of *raw*, *vars* and
*fallback*. *fallback*.
.. method:: ConfigParser.items(section, raw=False, vars=None) .. method:: items(section, raw=False, vars=None)
Return a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs for each option in the given Return a list of ``(name, value)`` pairs for each option in the given
*section*. Optional arguments have the same meaning as for the :meth:`get` *section*. Optional arguments have the same meaning as for the
method. :meth:`get` method.
.. data:: MAX_INTERPOLATION_DEPTH .. data:: MAX_INTERPOLATION_DEPTH
...@@ -1021,6 +1018,7 @@ The :class:`ConfigParser` class extends some methods of the ...@@ -1021,6 +1018,7 @@ The :class:`ConfigParser` class extends some methods of the
The maximum depth for recursive interpolation for :meth:`get` when the *raw* The maximum depth for recursive interpolation for :meth:`get` when the *raw*
parameter is false. This is relevant only for the :class:`ConfigParser` class. parameter is false. This is relevant only for the :class:`ConfigParser` class.
.. _safeconfigparser-objects: .. _safeconfigparser-objects:
SafeConfigParser Objects SafeConfigParser Objects
...@@ -1046,14 +1044,14 @@ SafeConfigParser Objects ...@@ -1046,14 +1044,14 @@ SafeConfigParser Objects
*empty_lines_in_values* were added. *empty_lines_in_values* were added.
The :class:`SafeConfigParser` class implements the same extended interface as The :class:`SafeConfigParser` class implements the same extended interface as
:class:`ConfigParser`, with the following addition: :class:`ConfigParser`, with the following addition:
.. method:: SafeConfigParser.set(section, option, value) .. method:: set(section, option, value)
If the given section exists, set the given option to the specified value; If the given section exists, set the given option to the specified value;
otherwise raise :exc:`NoSectionError`. *value* must be a string; if it is otherwise raise :exc:`NoSectionError`. *value* must be a string; if it is
not, :exc:`TypeError` is raised. not, :exc:`TypeError` is raised.
Exceptions Exceptions
...@@ -1103,25 +1101,26 @@ Exceptions ...@@ -1103,25 +1101,26 @@ Exceptions
.. exception:: InterpolationDepthError .. exception:: InterpolationDepthError
Exception raised when string interpolation cannot be completed because the Exception raised when string interpolation cannot be completed because the
number of iterations exceeds :const:`MAX_INTERPOLATION_DEPTH`. Subclass of number of iterations exceeds :const:`MAX_INTERPOLATION_DEPTH`. Subclass of
:exc:`InterpolationError`. :exc:`InterpolationError`.
.. exception:: InterpolationMissingOptionError .. exception:: InterpolationMissingOptionError
Exception raised when an option referenced from a value does not exist. Subclass Exception raised when an option referenced from a value does not exist.
of :exc:`InterpolationError`. Subclass of :exc:`InterpolationError`.
.. exception:: InterpolationSyntaxError .. exception:: InterpolationSyntaxError
Exception raised when the source text into which substitutions are made does not Exception raised when the source text into which substitutions are made does
conform to the required syntax. Subclass of :exc:`InterpolationError`. not conform to the required syntax. Subclass of :exc:`InterpolationError`.
.. exception:: MissingSectionHeaderError .. exception:: MissingSectionHeaderError
Exception raised when attempting to parse a file which has no section headers. Exception raised when attempting to parse a file which has no section
headers.
.. exception:: ParsingError .. exception:: ParsingError
...@@ -1132,6 +1131,9 @@ Exceptions ...@@ -1132,6 +1131,9 @@ Exceptions
The ``filename`` attribute and :meth:`__init__` argument were renamed to The ``filename`` attribute and :meth:`__init__` argument were renamed to
``source`` for consistency. ``source`` for consistency.
.. [customizable] Config parsers allow for very heavy customization. If you're
interested in changing the behaviour outlined by the footnote .. rubric:: Footnotes
reference, consult the `Customizing Parser Behaviour`_ section.
.. [1] Config parsers allow for heavy customization. If you are interested in
changing the behaviour outlined by the footnote reference, consult the
`Customizing Parser Behaviour`_ section.
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