=====================
How is Django Formed?
=====================

This document explains how to release Django. If you're unlucky enough to
be driving a release, you should follow these instructions to get the
package out.

**Please, keep these instructions up-to-date if you make changes!** The point
here is to be descriptive, not proscriptive, so feel free to streamline or
otherwise make changes, but **update this document accordingly!**

Overview
========

There are three types of releases that you might need to make

* Security releases, disclosing and fixing a vulnerability. This'll
  generally involve two or three simultaneous releases -- e.g.
  1.5.X, 1.6.X, and, depending on timing, perhaps a 1.7 alpha/beta/rc.

* Regular version releases, either a final release (e.g. 1.5) or a
  bugfix update (e.g. 1.5.1).

* Pre-releases, e.g. 1.6 beta or something.

In general the steps are about the same regardless, but there are a few
differences noted. The short version is:

#. If this is a security release, pre-notify the security distribution list
   at least one week before the actual release.

#. Proofread (and create if needed) the release notes, looking for
   organization, writing errors, deprecation timelines, etc. Draft a blog post
   and email announcement.

#. Update version numbers and create the release package(s)!

#. Upload the package(s) to the the ``djangoproject.com`` server and create
   some redirects for download/checksum links.

#. Unless this is a pre-release, add the new version(s) to PyPI.

#. Update the home page and download page to link to the new version(s).

#. Post the blog entry and send out the email announcements.

#. Update version numbers post-release.

There are a lot of details, so please read on.

Prerequisites
=============

You'll need a few things hooked up to make this work:

* A GPG key. *FIXME: sort out exactly whose keys are acceptable for a
  release.*

* Access to Django's record on PyPI.

* Access to the ``djangoproject.com`` server to upload files and trigger a
  deploy.

* Access to the admin on ``djangoproject.com``.

* Access to post to ``django-announce``.

* If this is a security release, access to the pre-notification distribution
  list.

If this is your first release, you'll need to coordinate with James and Jacob
to get all these things ready to go.

Pre-release tasks
=================

A few items need to be taken care of before even beginning the release process.
This stuff starts about a week before the release; most of it can be done
any time leading up to the actual release:

#. If this is a security release, send out pre-notification **one week**
   before the release. We maintain a list of who gets these pre-notification
   emails at *FIXME WHERE?*. This email should be signed by the key you'll use
   for the release, and should include patches for each issue being fixed.

#. As the release approaches, watch Trac to make sure no release blockers
   are left for the upcoming release.

#. Check with the other committers to make sure they don't have any
   un-committed changes for the release.

#. Proofread the release notes, including looking at the online
   version to catch any broken links or reST errors, and make sure the
   release notes contain the correct date.

#. Double-check that the release notes mention deprecation timelines
   for any APIs noted as deprecated, and that they mention any changes
   in Python version support.

#. Double-check that the release notes index has a link to the notes
   for the new release; this will be in ``docs/releases/index.txt``.

Preparing for release
=====================

Next, everything needs to be made ready for actually rolling the
release. The following things should be done a few days to a few hours
before release:

#. Update the djangoproject home page and download page templates to
   reflect the new release. There are two templates to change:
   ``flatpages/download.html`` and ``homepage.html``; here's
   `one example commit for the 1.4.5 / 1.3.7 releases`__

   __ https://github.com/django/djangoproject.com/commit/772edbc6ac5a2b8e718606b3338f2bcc429fb9b6

#. Write the announcement blog post for the release. You can enter it into
   the admin at any time and mark it as inactive. Here are a few examples:
   `example security release announcement`__, `example regular release
   announcement`__, `example pre-release announcement`__.

   __ https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2013/feb/19/security/
   __ https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2012/mar/23/14/
   __ https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2012/nov/27/15-beta-1/

#. Create redirects in the admin for the new downloads. For each release,
   we create two redirects that look like::

        /download/<version>/tarball/ -> /m/releases/<version>/Django-<version>.tar.gz
        /download/<version>/checksum/ -> /m/pgp/Django-<version>.checksum.txt

Actually rolling the release
============================

OK, this is the fun part, where we actually push out a release!

#. Check `Jenkins`__ is green for the version(s) you're putting out. You
   probably shouldn't issue a release until it's green.

   __ http://ci.djangoproject.com

#. A release always begins from a release branch, so you should ``git checkout
   stable/<release>`` (e.g. checkout ``stable/1.5.x`` to issue a release in the
   1.5 series) and then ``git pull`` to make sure you're up-to-date.


#. If this is a security release, merge the appropriate patches from
   ``django-private``. Rebase these patches as necessary to make each one a
   simple commit on the release branch rather than a merge commit. To ensure
   this, merge them with the ``--ff-only`` flag; for example, ``git checkout
   stable/1.5.x; git merge --ff-only security/1.5.x``, if ``security/1.5.x`` is
   a branch in the ``django-private`` repo containing the necessary security
   patches for the next release in the 1.5 series. If git refuses to merge with
   ``--ff-only``, switch to the security-patch branch and rebase it on the
   branch you are about to merge it into (``git checkout security/1.5.x; git
   rebase stable/1.5.x``) and then switch back and do the merge. Make sure the
   commit message for each security fix explains that the commit is a security
   fix and that an announcement will follow (`example security commit`__)

   __ https://github.com/django/django/commit/3ef4bbf495cc6c061789132e3d50a8231a89406b

#. Update version numbers for the release. This has to happen in three
   places: ``django/__init__.py``, ``docs/conf.py``, and ``setup.py``.
   Please see `notes on setting the VERSION tuple`_ below for details
   on ``VERSION``. Here's `an example commit updating version numbers`__

   __ https://github.com/django/django/commit/18d920ea4839fb54f9d2a5dcb555b6a5666ee469

   Make sure the ``download_url`` in ``setup.py`` is the actual URL you'll
   use for the new release package, not the redirect URL (some tools can't
   properly follow redirects).

#. If this is a pre-release package, update the "Development Status" trove
   classifier in ``setup.py`` to reflect this. Otherwise, make sure the
   classifier is set to ``Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable``.

#. Tag the release by running ``git tag -s`` *FIXME actual commands*.

#. ``git push`` your work.

#. Make sure you have an absolutely clean tree by running ``git clean -dfx``.

#. Run ``python setup.py sdist`` to generate the release package. This will
   create the release package in a ``dist/`` directory.

#. Generate the MD5 and SHA1 hashes of the release package::

        $ md5sum dist/Django-<version>.tar.gz
        $ sha1sum dist/Django-<version>.tar.gz

#. Create a "checksums" file containing the hashes and release information.
   You can start with `a previous checksums file`__ and replace the
   dates, keys, links, and checksums. *FIXME: make a template file.*

   __ https://www.djangoproject.com/m/pgp/Django-1.5b1.checksum.txt

#. Sign the checksum file using the release key (``gpg
   --clearsign``), then verify the signature (``gpg --verify``). *FIXME:
   full, actual commands here*.

If you're issuing multiple releases, repeat these steps for each release.

Making the release(s) available to the public
=============================================

Now you're ready to actually put the release out there. To do this:

#. Upload the release package(s) to the djangoproject server; releases go
   in ``/home/www/djangoproject.com/src/media/releases``, under a
   directory for the appropriate version number (e.g.
   ``/home/www/djangoproject.com/src/media/releases/1.5`` for a ``1.5.X``
   release.).

#. Upload the checksum file(s); these go in
   ``/home/www/djangoproject.com/src/media/pgp``.

#. Test that the release packages install correctly using ``easy_install``
   and ``pip``. Here's one method (which requires `virtualenvwrapper`__)::

        $ mktmpenv
        $ easy_install https://www.djangoproject.com/download/<version>/tarball/
        $ deactivate
        $ mktmpenv
        $ pip install https://www.djangoproject.com/download/<version>/tarball/
        $ deactivate

   This just tests that the tarballs are available (i.e. redirects are up) and
   that they install correctly, but it'll catch silly mistakes. *FIXME:
   buildout too?*

   __ https://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenvwrapper

#. Ask a few people on IRC to verify the checksums by visiting the checksums
   file (e.g. https://www.djangoproject.com/m/pgp/Django-1.5b1.checksum.txt)
   and following the instructions in it. For bonus points, they can also unpack
   the downloaded release tarball and verify that its contents appear to be
   correct (proper version numbers, no stray ``.pyc`` or other undesirable
   files).

#. If this is a security or regular release, register the new package with PyPI
   by uploading the ``PGK-INFO`` file generated in the release package.  This
   file's *in* the distribution tarball, so you'll need to pull it out. ``tar
   xzf dist/Django-<version>.tar.gz Django-<version>/PKG-INFO`` ought to
   work. *FIXME: Is there any reason to pull this file out manually rather than
   using "python setup.py register"?*

#. Deploy the template changes you made a while back by running `fab deploy`
   from the ``djangoproject.com`` repo.

#. Update the ``/download/`` flat page in the djangoproject.com
   admin. For alpha/beta/RC releases, we add a temporary third section
   to that page listing the preview package; otherwise, just update
   the "Get the latest official version" section.

#. Make the blog post announcing the release live.

#. Post the release announcement to the django-announce,
   django-developers and django-users mailing lists. This should
   include links to both the announcement blog post and the release
   notes. *FIXME: make some templates with example text*.

Post-release
============

You're almost done! All that's left to do now is:

#. Update the ``VERSION`` tuple in ``django/__init__.py`` again,
   incrementing to whatever the next expected release will be. For
   example, after releasing 1.2.1, update ``VERSION`` to report "1.2.2
   pre-alpha". *FIXME: Is this correct? Do we still do this?*

Notes on setting the VERSION tuple
==================================

Django's version reporting is controlled by the ``VERSION`` tuple in
``django/__init__.py``. This is a five-element tuple, whose elements
are:

#. Major version.
#. Minor version.
#. Micro version.
#. Status -- can be one of "alpha", "beta", "rc" or "final".
#. Series number, for alpha/beta/RC packages which run in sequence
   (allowing, for example, "beta 1", "beta 2", etc.).

For a final release, the status is always "final" and the series
number is always 0. A series number of 0 with an "alpha" status will
be reported as "pre-alpha".

Some examples:

* ``(1, 2, 1, 'final', 0)`` --> "1.2.1"

* ``(1, 3, 0, 'alpha', 0)`` --> "1.3 pre-alpha"

* ``(1, 3, 0, 'beta', 2)`` --> "1.3 beta 2"
