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Batuhan Osman TASKAYA
cpython
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4dcf4743
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4dcf4743
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Mar 08, 2012
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Georg Brandl
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Doc/library/collections.rst
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@@ -91,65 +91,66 @@ The class can be used to simulate nested scopes and is useful in templating.
The use-cases also parallel those for the builtin :func:`super` function.
A reference to ``d.parents`` is equivalent to: ``ChainMap(*d.maps[1:])``.
.. versionadded:: 3.3
Example of simulating Python's internal lookup chain::
import builtins
pylookup = ChainMap(locals(), globals(), vars(builtins))
Example of letting user specified values take precedence over environment
variables which in turn take precedence over default values::
import os, argparse
defaults = {'color': 'red', 'user': guest}
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-u', '--user')
parser.add_argument('-c', '--color')
user_specified = vars(parser.parse_args())
combined = ChainMap(user_specified, os.environ, defaults)
Example patterns for using the :class:`ChainMap` class to simulate nested
contexts::
c = ChainMap() Create root context
d = c.new_child() Create nested child context
e = c.new_child() Child of c, independent from d
e.maps[0] Current context dictionary -- like Python's locals()
e.maps[-1] Root context -- like Python's globals()
e.parents Enclosing context chain -- like Python's nonlocals
d['x'] Get first key in the chain of contexts
d['x'] = 1 Set value in current context
del['x'] Delete from current context
list(d) All nested values
k in d Check all nested values
len(d) Number of nested values
d.items() All nested items
dict(d) Flatten into a regular dictionary
.. seealso::
* The `MultiContext class
<http://svn.enthought.com/svn/enthought/CodeTools/trunk/enthought/contexts/multi_context.py>`_
in the Enthought `CodeTools package
<https://github.com/enthought/codetools>`_ has options to support
writing to any mapping in the chain.
* Django's `Context class
<http://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/django/template/context.py>`_
for templating is a read-only chain of mappings. It also features
pushing and popping of contexts similar to the
:meth:`~collections.ChainMap.new_child` method and the
:meth:`~collections.ChainMap.parents` property.
* The `Nested Contexts recipe
<http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577434/>`_ has options to control
whether writes and other mutations apply only to the first mapping or to
any mapping in the chain.
* A `greatly simplified read-only version of Chainmap
<http://code.activestate.com/recipes/305268/>`_.
.. versionadded:: 3.3
Example of simulating Python's internal lookup chain::
import builtins
pylookup = ChainMap(locals(), globals(), vars(builtins))
Example of letting user specified values take precedence over environment
variables which in turn take precedence over default values::
import os, argparse
defaults = {'color': 'red', 'user': guest}
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('-u', '--user')
parser.add_argument('-c', '--color')
user_specified = vars(parser.parse_args())
combined = ChainMap(user_specified, os.environ, defaults)
Example patterns for using the :class:`ChainMap` class to simulate nested
contexts::
c = ChainMap() # Create root context
d = c.new_child() # Create nested child context
e = c.new_child() # Child of c, independent from d
e.maps[0] # Current context dictionary -- like Python's locals()
e.maps[-1] # Root context -- like Python's globals()
e.parents # Enclosing context chain -- like Python's nonlocals
d['x'] # Get first key in the chain of contexts
d['x'] = 1 # Set value in current context
del['x'] # Delete from current context
list(d) # All nested values
k in d # Check all nested values
len(d) # Number of nested values
d.items() # All nested items
dict(d) # Flatten into a regular dictionary
.. seealso::
* The `MultiContext class
<http://svn.enthought.com/svn/enthought/CodeTools/trunk/enthought/contexts/multi_context.py>`_
in the Enthought `CodeTools package
<https://github.com/enthought/codetools>`_ has options to support
writing to any mapping in the chain.
* Django's `Context class
<http://code.djangoproject.com/browser/django/trunk/django/template/context.py>`_
for templating is a read-only chain of mappings. It also features
pushing and popping of contexts similar to the
:meth:`~collections.ChainMap.new_child` method and the
:meth:`~collections.ChainMap.parents` property.
* The `Nested Contexts recipe
<http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577434/>`_ has options to control
whether writes and other mutations apply only to the first mapping or to
any mapping in the chain.
* A `greatly simplified read-only version of Chainmap
<http://code.activestate.com/recipes/305268/>`_.
:class:`Counter` objects
------------------------
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