Issue #24421: Compile _math.c separately to avoid race condition

Makefile.pre.in

@@ -586,11 +586,15 @@ pybuilddir.txt: $(BUILDPYTHON)
 		exit 1 ; \
 	fi
 
+# This is shared by the math and cmath modules
+Modules/_math.o: Modules/_math.c Modules/_math.h
+	$(CC) -c $(CCSHARED) $(PY_CORE_CFLAGS) -o $@ $<
+
 # Build the shared modules
 # Under GNU make, MAKEFLAGS are sorted and normalized; the 's' for
 # -s, --silent or --quiet is always the first char.
 # Under BSD make, MAKEFLAGS might be " -s -v x=y".
-sharedmods: $(BUILDPYTHON) pybuilddir.txt
+sharedmods: $(BUILDPYTHON) pybuilddir.txt Modules/_math.o
 	@case "$$MAKEFLAGS" in \
 	    *\ -s*|s*) quiet="-q";; \
 	    *) quiet="";; \

Misc/NEWS

@@ -261,6 +261,10 @@ Tests
 Build
 -----
 
+- Issue #24421: Compile Modules/_math.c once, before building extensions.
+  Previously it could fail to compile properly if the math and cmath builds
+  were concurrent.
+
 - Issue #25348: Added ``--pgo`` and ``--pgo-job`` arguments to
   ``PCbuild\build.bat`` for building with Profile-Guided Optimization.  The
   old ``PCbuild\build_pgo.bat`` script is now deprecated, and simply calls

setup.py

@@ -598,13 +598,17 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext):
 
         # array objects
         exts.append( Extension('array', ['arraymodule.c']) )
+
+        shared_math = 'Modules/_math.o'
         # complex math library functions
-        exts.append( Extension('cmath', ['cmathmodule.c', '_math.c'],
-                               depends=['_math.h'],
+        exts.append( Extension('cmath', ['cmathmodule.c'],
+                               extra_objects=[shared_math],
+                               depends=['_math.h', shared_math],
                                libraries=math_libs) )
         # math library functions, e.g. sin()
-        exts.append( Extension('math',  ['mathmodule.c', '_math.c'],
-                               depends=['_math.h'],
+        exts.append( Extension('math',  ['mathmodule.c'],
+                               extra_objects=[shared_math],
+                               depends=['_math.h', shared_math],
                                libraries=math_libs) )
 
         # time libraries: librt may be needed for clock_gettime()