Issue #6963: Added maxtasksperchild argument to multiprocessing.Pool

Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst

@@ -1537,7 +1537,7 @@ Process Pools
 One can create a pool of processes which will carry out tasks submitted to it
 with the :class:`Pool` class.
 
-.. class:: multiprocessing.Pool([processes[, initializer[, initargs]]])
+.. class:: multiprocessing.Pool([processes[, initializer[, initargs[, maxtasksperchild]]]])
 
    A process pool object which controls a pool of worker processes to which jobs
    can be submitted.  It supports asynchronous results with timeouts and
@@ -1548,6 +1548,21 @@ with the :class:`Pool` class.
    *initializer* is not ``None`` then each worker process will call
    ``initializer(*initargs)`` when it starts.
 
+   *maxtasksperchild* is the number of tasks a worker process can complete
+   before it will exit and be replaced with a fresh worker process, to enable
+   unused resources to be freed. The default *maxtasksperchild* is None, which
+   means worker processes will live as long as the pool.
+
+   .. note::
+
+        Worker processes within a :class:`Pool` typically live for the complete
+        duration of the Pool's work queue. A frequent pattern found in other
+        systems (such as Apache, mod_wsgi, etc) to free resources held by
+        workers is to allow a worker within a pool to complete only a set
+        amount of work before being exiting, being cleaned up and a new
+        process spawned to replace the old one. The *maxtasksperchild*
+        argument to the :class:`Pool` exposes this ability to the end user.
+
    .. method:: apply(func[, args[, kwds]])
 
       Equivalent of the :func:`apply` built-in function.  It blocks till the

Lib/multiprocessing/__init__.py

@@ -219,12 +219,12 @@ def JoinableQueue(maxsize=0):
     from multiprocessing.queues import JoinableQueue
     return JoinableQueue(maxsize)
 
-def Pool(processes=None, initializer=None, initargs=()):
+def Pool(processes=None, initializer=None, initargs=(), maxtasksperchild=None):
     '''
     Returns a process pool object
     '''
     from multiprocessing.pool import Pool
-    return Pool(processes, initializer, initargs)
+    return Pool(processes, initializer, initargs, maxtasksperchild)
 
 def RawValue(typecode_or_type, *args):
     '''

Lib/multiprocessing/pool.py

@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ def mapstar(args):
 # Code run by worker processes
 #
 
-def worker(inqueue, outqueue, initializer=None, initargs=()):
+def worker(inqueue, outqueue, initializer=None, initargs=(), maxtasks=None):
+    assert maxtasks is None or (type(maxtasks) == int and maxtasks > 0)
     put = outqueue.put
     get = inqueue.get
     if hasattr(inqueue, '_writer'):
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@ def worker(inqueue, outqueue, initializer=None, initargs=()):
     if initializer is not None:
         initializer(*initargs)
 
-    while 1:
+    completed = 0
+    while maxtasks is None or (maxtasks and completed < maxtasks):
         try:
             task = get()
         except (EOFError, IOError):
@@ -69,6 +71,8 @@ def worker(inqueue, outqueue, initializer=None, initargs=()):
         except Exception, e:
             result = (False, e)
         put((job, i, result))
+        completed += 1
+    debug('worker exiting after %d tasks' % completed)
 
 #
 # Class representing a process pool
@@ -80,11 +84,15 @@ class Pool(object):
     '''
     Process = Process
 
-    def __init__(self, processes=None, initializer=None, initargs=()):
+    def __init__(self, processes=None, initializer=None, initargs=(),
+                 maxtasksperchild=None):
         self._setup_queues()
         self._taskqueue = Queue.Queue()
         self._cache = {}
         self._state = RUN
+        self._maxtasksperchild = maxtasksperchild
+        self._initializer = initializer
+        self._initargs = initargs
 
         if processes is None:
             try:
@@ -95,16 +103,18 @@ class Pool(object):
         if initializer is not None and not hasattr(initializer, '__call__'):
             raise TypeError('initializer must be a callable')
 
+        self._processes = processes
         self._pool = []
-        for i in range(processes):
-            w = self.Process(
-                target=worker,
-                args=(self._inqueue, self._outqueue, initializer, initargs)
-                )
-            self._pool.append(w)
-            w.name = w.name.replace('Process', 'PoolWorker')
-            w.daemon = True
-            w.start()
+        self._repopulate_pool()
+
+        self._worker_handler = threading.Thread(
+            target=Pool._handle_workers,
+            args=(self, )
+            )
+        self._worker_handler.daemon = True
+        self._worker_handler._state = RUN
+        self._worker_handler.start()
+
 
         self._task_handler = threading.Thread(
             target=Pool._handle_tasks,
@@ -125,10 +135,48 @@ class Pool(object):
         self._terminate = Finalize(
             self, self._terminate_pool,
             args=(self._taskqueue, self._inqueue, self._outqueue, self._pool,
-                  self._task_handler, self._result_handler, self._cache),
+                  self._worker_handler, self._task_handler,
+                  self._result_handler, self._cache),
             exitpriority=15
             )
 
+    def _join_exited_workers(self):
+        """Cleanup after any worker processes which have exited due to reaching
+        their specified lifetime.  Returns True if any workers were cleaned up.
+        """
+        cleaned = False
+        for i in reversed(range(len(self._pool))):
+            worker = self._pool[i]
+            if worker.exitcode is not None:
+                # worker exited
+                debug('cleaning up worker %d' % i)
+                worker.join()
+                cleaned = True
+                del self._pool[i]
+        return cleaned
+
+    def _repopulate_pool(self):
+        """Bring the number of pool processes up to the specified number,
+        for use after reaping workers which have exited.
+        """
+        for i in range(self._processes - len(self._pool)):
+            w = self.Process(target=worker,
+                             args=(self._inqueue, self._outqueue,
+                                   self._initializer,
+                                   self._initargs, self._maxtasksperchild)
+                            )
+            self._pool.append(w)
+            w.name = w.name.replace('Process', 'PoolWorker')
+            w.daemon = True
+            w.start()
+            debug('added worker')
+
+    def _maintain_pool(self):
+        """Clean up any exited workers and start replacements for them.
+        """
+        if self._join_exited_workers():
+            self._repopulate_pool()
+
     def _setup_queues(self):
         from .queues import SimpleQueue
         self._inqueue = SimpleQueue()
@@ -216,6 +264,13 @@ class Pool(object):
                               for i, x in enumerate(task_batches)), None))
         return result
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _handle_workers(pool):
+        while pool._worker_handler._state == RUN and pool._state == RUN:
+            pool._maintain_pool()
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+        debug('worker handler exiting')
+
     @staticmethod
     def _handle_tasks(taskqueue, put, outqueue, pool):
         thread = threading.current_thread()
@@ -331,16 +386,19 @@ class Pool(object):
         debug('closing pool')
         if self._state == RUN:
             self._state = CLOSE
+            self._worker_handler._state = CLOSE
             self._taskqueue.put(None)
 
     def terminate(self):
         debug('terminating pool')
         self._state = TERMINATE
+        self._worker_handler._state = TERMINATE
         self._terminate()
 
     def join(self):
         debug('joining pool')
         assert self._state in (CLOSE, TERMINATE)
+        self._worker_handler.join()
         self._task_handler.join()
         self._result_handler.join()
         for p in self._pool:
@@ -357,10 +415,11 @@ class Pool(object):
 
     @classmethod
     def _terminate_pool(cls, taskqueue, inqueue, outqueue, pool,
-                        task_handler, result_handler, cache):
+                        worker_handler, task_handler, result_handler, cache):
         # this is guaranteed to only be called once
         debug('finalizing pool')
 
+        worker_handler._state = TERMINATE
         task_handler._state = TERMINATE
         taskqueue.put(None)                 # sentinel
 
@@ -372,10 +431,12 @@ class Pool(object):
         result_handler._state = TERMINATE
         outqueue.put(None)                  # sentinel
 
+        # Terminate workers which haven't already finished.
         if pool and hasattr(pool[0], 'terminate'):
             debug('terminating workers')
             for p in pool:
-                p.terminate()
+                if p.exitcode is None:
+                    p.terminate()
 
         debug('joining task handler')
         task_handler.join(1e100)
@@ -387,6 +448,11 @@ class Pool(object):
             debug('joining pool workers')
             for p in pool:
                 p.join()
+            for w in pool:
+                if w.exitcode is None:
+                    # worker has not yet exited
+                    debug('cleaning up worker %d' % w.pid)
+                    w.join()
 
 #
 # Class whose instances are returned by `Pool.apply_async()`

Lib/test/test_multiprocessing.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ latin = str
 #
 
 LOG_LEVEL = util.SUBWARNING
-#LOG_LEVEL = logging.WARNING
+#LOG_LEVEL = logging.DEBUG
 
 DELTA = 0.1
 CHECK_TIMINGS = False     # making true makes tests take a lot longer
@@ -1052,6 +1052,30 @@ class _TestPool(BaseTestCase):
         join = TimingWrapper(self.pool.join)
         join()
         self.assertTrue(join.elapsed < 0.2)
+
+class _TestPoolWorkerLifetime(BaseTestCase):
+
+    ALLOWED_TYPES = ('processes', )
+    def test_pool_worker_lifetime(self):
+        p = multiprocessing.Pool(3, maxtasksperchild=10)
+        self.assertEqual(3, len(p._pool))
+        origworkerpids = [w.pid for w in p._pool]
+        # Run many tasks so each worker gets replaced (hopefully)
+        results = []
+        for i in range(100):
+            results.append(p.apply_async(sqr, (i, )))
+        # Fetch the results and verify we got the right answers,
+        # also ensuring all the tasks have completed.
+        for (j, res) in enumerate(results):
+            self.assertEqual(res.get(), sqr(j))
+        # Refill the pool
+        p._repopulate_pool()
+        # Finally, check that the worker pids have changed
+        finalworkerpids = [w.pid for w in p._pool]
+        self.assertNotEqual(sorted(origworkerpids), sorted(finalworkerpids))
+        p.close()
+        p.join()
+
 #
 # Test that manager has expected number of shared objects left
 #

Misc/ACKS

@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ Brett Cannon
 Mike Carlton
 Terry Carroll
 Donn Cave
+Charles Cazabon
 Per Cederqvist
 Octavian Cerna
 Hye-Shik Chang

Misc/NEWS

@@ -173,6 +173,11 @@ Core and Builtins
 Library
 -------
 
+- Issue #6963: Added "maxtasksperchild" argument to multiprocessing.Pool,
+  allowing for a maximum number of tasks within the pool to be completed by
+  the worker before that worker is terminated, and a new one created to
+  replace it.
+
 - Issue #7617: Make sure distutils.unixccompiler.UnixCCompiler recognizes
   gcc when it has a fully qualified configuration prefix. Initial patch
   by Arfrever.