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Kaydet (Commit) a0dbddfc authored tarafından Fred Drake's avatar Fred Drake
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Markup consistency nits. 

Fix indentation in code sample in PyArg_ParseTuple() section.

Added one index entry.

Fix include file reference in "Shared Libraries" to print <...> instead of
the upside-down versions of ! and ?.
üst c6fa34e4
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Doc/ext.tex
Dosyayı görüntüle @ a0dbddfc
......@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ as follows:
>>> status = spam.system("ls -l")
\end{verbatim}
Begin by creating a file \samp{spammodule.c}. (In general, if a
Begin by creating a file \file{spammodule.c}. (In general, if a
module is called \samp{spam}, the \C{} file containing its implementation
is called \file{spammodule.c}; if the module name is very long, like
\samp{spammify}, the module name can be just \file{spammify.c}.)
......@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ spam_system(self, args)
{
char *command;
int sts;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command))
return NULL;
sts = system(command);
......@@ -265,6 +266,7 @@ void
initspam()
{
PyObject *m, *d;
m = Py_InitModule("spam", SpamMethods);
d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
SpamError = PyErr_NewException("spam.error", NULL, NULL);
......@@ -334,8 +336,8 @@ returning \ctype{void}), the corresponding Python function must return
\end{verbatim}
\cdata{Py_None} is the \C{} name for the special Python object
\code{None}. It is a genuine Python object (not a \NULL{}
pointer, which means ``error'' in most contexts, as we have seen).
\code{None}. It is a genuine Python object rather than a \NULL{}
pointer, which means ``error'' in most contexts, as we have seen.
\section{The Module's Method Table and Initialization Function}
......@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ static PyMethodDef SpamMethods[] = {
Note the third entry (\samp{METH_VARARGS}). This is a flag telling
the interpreter the calling convention to be used for the \C{}
function. It should normally always be \samp{METH_VARARGS} or
\samp{METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS}; a value of \samp{0} means that an
\samp{METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS}; a value of \code{0} means that an
obsolete variant of \cfunction{PyArg_ParseTuple()} is used.
When using only \samp{METH_VARARGS}, the function should expect
......@@ -402,15 +404,15 @@ doesn't need to check for errors.
There are two more things to do before you can use your new extension:
compiling and linking it with the Python system. If you use dynamic
loading, the details depend on the style of dynamic loading your
system uses; see the chapter on Dynamic Loading for more info about
this.
system uses; see the chapter ``Dynamic Loading'' for more information
about this.
If you can't use dynamic loading, or if you want to make your module a
permanent part of the Python interpreter, you will have to change the
configuration setup and rebuild the interpreter. Luckily, this is
very simple: just place your file (\file{spammodule.c} for example) in
the \file{Modules} directory, add a line to the file
\file{Modules/Setup} describing your file:
\file{Modules/Setup.local} describing your file:
\begin{verbatim}
spam spammodule.o
......@@ -418,12 +420,12 @@ spam spammodule.o
and rebuild the interpreter by running \program{make} in the toplevel
directory. You can also run \program{make} in the \file{Modules}
subdirectory, but then you must first rebuilt the \file{Makefile}
subdirectory, but then you must first rebuild \file{Makefile}
there by running `\program{make} Makefile'. (This is necessary each
time you change the \file{Setup} file.)
If your module requires additional libraries to link with, these can
be listed on the line in the \file{Setup} file as well, for instance:
be listed on the line in the configuration file as well, for instance:
\begin{verbatim}
spam spammodule.o -lX11
......@@ -747,9 +749,9 @@ Some example calls:
int left, top, right, bottom, h, v;
ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "((ii)(ii))(ii)",
&left, &top, &right, &bottom, &h, &v);
/* A rectangle and a point */
/* Possible Python call:
f(((0, 0), (400, 300)), (10, 10)) */
/* A rectangle and a point */
/* Possible Python call:
f(((0, 0), (400, 300)), (10, 10)) */
}
{
......@@ -784,7 +786,8 @@ arguments! Keyword parameters passed in which are not present in the
\var{kwlist} will cause \exception{TypeError} to be raised.
Here is an example module which uses keywords, based on an example by
Geoff Philbrick (\email{philbrick@hks.com}):
Geoff Philbrick (\email{philbrick@hks.com}):%
\index{Philbrick, Geoff}
\begin{verbatim}
#include <stdio.h>
......@@ -1110,7 +1113,7 @@ owner. There are exactly two important exceptions to this rule:
\cfunction{PyTuple_SetItem()} and \cfunction{PyList_SetItem()}. These
functions take over ownership of the item passed to them --- even if
they fail! (Note that \cfunction{PyDict_SetItem()} and friends don't
take over ownership --- they are ``normal''.)
take over ownership --- they are ``normal.'')
When a \C{} function is called from Python, it borrows references to its
arguments from the caller. The caller owns a reference to the object,
......@@ -1138,6 +1141,7 @@ reference to a list item. For instance:
\begin{verbatim}
bug(PyObject *list) {
PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);
PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyInt_FromLong(0L));
PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0); /* BUG! */
}
......@@ -1171,6 +1175,7 @@ function reads:
\begin{verbatim}
no_bug(PyObject *list) {
PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);
Py_INCREF(item);
PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyInt_FromLong(0L));
PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0);
......@@ -1206,7 +1211,7 @@ bug(PyObject *list) {
\subsection{NULL Pointers}
\label{nullPointers}
In general, functions that take object references as arguments don't
In general, functions that take object references as arguments do not
expect you to pass them \NULL{} pointers, and will dump core (or
cause later core dumps) if you do so. Functions that return object
references generally return \NULL{} only to indicate that an
......@@ -1220,7 +1225,7 @@ when a pointer that may be \NULL{} is received, e.g.\ from
\cfunction{malloc()} or from a function that may raise an exception.
The macros \cfunction{Py_INCREF()} and \cfunction{Py_DECREF()}
don't check for \NULL{} pointers --- however, their variants
do not check for \NULL{} pointers --- however, their variants
\cfunction{Py_XINCREF()} and \cfunction{Py_XDECREF()} do.
The macros for checking for a particular object type
......@@ -1329,13 +1334,14 @@ loading.
\label{sharedlibs}
The following systems support dynamic loading using shared libraries:
SunOS 4; Solaris 2; SGI IRIX 5 (but not SGI IRIX 4!); and probably all
systems derived from SVR4, or at least those SVR4 derivatives that
support shared libraries (are there any that don't?).
SunOS 4; Solaris 2; SGI IRIX 5 (but not SGI IRIX 4!), Linux, FreeBSD,
NetBSD; and probably all systems derived from SVR4, or at least those
SVR4 derivatives that support shared libraries (are there any that
don't?).
You don't need to do anything to configure dynamic loading on these
systems --- the \file{configure} detects the presence of the
\file{<dlfcn.h>} header file and automatically configures dynamic
\code{<dlfcn.h>} header file and automatically configures dynamic
loading.
\subsection{SGI IRIX 4 Dynamic Loading}
......@@ -1348,12 +1354,12 @@ work right away so I gave up trying to support it.)
Before you build Python, you first need to fetch and build the
\code{dl} package written by Jack Jansen. This is available by
anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload}, file
anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/}, file
\file{dl-1.6.tar.Z}. (The version number may change.) Follow the
instructions in the package's \file{README} file to build it.
Once you have built \code{dl}, you can configure Python to use it. To
this end, you run the \file{configure} script with the option
this end, you run the \program{configure} script with the option
\code{--with-dl=\var{directory}} where \var{directory} is the absolute
pathname of the \code{dl} directory.
......@@ -1417,7 +1423,7 @@ contain the options \samp{-I\$(PYTHONTOP) -I\$(PYTHONTOP)/Include}.
You must link the \file{.o} file to produce a shared library. This is
done using a special invocation of the \UNIX{} loader/linker,
\emph{ld}(1). Unfortunately the invocation differs slightly per
\manpage{ld}{1}. Unfortunately the invocation differs slightly per
system.
On SunOS 4, use
......@@ -1451,7 +1457,7 @@ along the Python module search path.
\label{irixLinking}
\strong{IMPORTANT:} You must compile your extension module with the
additional \C{} flag \samp{-G0} (or \samp{-G 0}). This instruct the
additional \C{} flag \samp{-G0} (or \samp{-G 0}). This instructs the
assembler to generate position-independent code.
You don't need to link the resulting \file{spammodule.o} file; just
......
Doc/ext/ext.tex
Dosyayı görüntüle @ a0dbddfc
......@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ as follows:
>>> status = spam.system("ls -l")
\end{verbatim}
Begin by creating a file \samp{spammodule.c}. (In general, if a
Begin by creating a file \file{spammodule.c}. (In general, if a
module is called \samp{spam}, the \C{} file containing its implementation
is called \file{spammodule.c}; if the module name is very long, like
\samp{spammify}, the module name can be just \file{spammify.c}.)
......@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ spam_system(self, args)
{
char *command;
int sts;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s", &command))
return NULL;
sts = system(command);
......@@ -265,6 +266,7 @@ void
initspam()
{
PyObject *m, *d;
m = Py_InitModule("spam", SpamMethods);
d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
SpamError = PyErr_NewException("spam.error", NULL, NULL);
......@@ -334,8 +336,8 @@ returning \ctype{void}), the corresponding Python function must return
\end{verbatim}
\cdata{Py_None} is the \C{} name for the special Python object
\code{None}. It is a genuine Python object (not a \NULL{}
pointer, which means ``error'' in most contexts, as we have seen).
\code{None}. It is a genuine Python object rather than a \NULL{}
pointer, which means ``error'' in most contexts, as we have seen.
\section{The Module's Method Table and Initialization Function}
......@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ static PyMethodDef SpamMethods[] = {
Note the third entry (\samp{METH_VARARGS}). This is a flag telling
the interpreter the calling convention to be used for the \C{}
function. It should normally always be \samp{METH_VARARGS} or
\samp{METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS}; a value of \samp{0} means that an
\samp{METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS}; a value of \code{0} means that an
obsolete variant of \cfunction{PyArg_ParseTuple()} is used.
When using only \samp{METH_VARARGS}, the function should expect
......@@ -402,15 +404,15 @@ doesn't need to check for errors.
There are two more things to do before you can use your new extension:
compiling and linking it with the Python system. If you use dynamic
loading, the details depend on the style of dynamic loading your
system uses; see the chapter on Dynamic Loading for more info about
this.
system uses; see the chapter ``Dynamic Loading'' for more information
about this.
If you can't use dynamic loading, or if you want to make your module a
permanent part of the Python interpreter, you will have to change the
configuration setup and rebuild the interpreter. Luckily, this is
very simple: just place your file (\file{spammodule.c} for example) in
the \file{Modules} directory, add a line to the file
\file{Modules/Setup} describing your file:
\file{Modules/Setup.local} describing your file:
\begin{verbatim}
spam spammodule.o
......@@ -418,12 +420,12 @@ spam spammodule.o
and rebuild the interpreter by running \program{make} in the toplevel
directory. You can also run \program{make} in the \file{Modules}
subdirectory, but then you must first rebuilt the \file{Makefile}
subdirectory, but then you must first rebuild \file{Makefile}
there by running `\program{make} Makefile'. (This is necessary each
time you change the \file{Setup} file.)
If your module requires additional libraries to link with, these can
be listed on the line in the \file{Setup} file as well, for instance:
be listed on the line in the configuration file as well, for instance:
\begin{verbatim}
spam spammodule.o -lX11
......@@ -747,9 +749,9 @@ Some example calls:
int left, top, right, bottom, h, v;
ok = PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "((ii)(ii))(ii)",
&left, &top, &right, &bottom, &h, &v);
/* A rectangle and a point */
/* Possible Python call:
f(((0, 0), (400, 300)), (10, 10)) */
/* A rectangle and a point */
/* Possible Python call:
f(((0, 0), (400, 300)), (10, 10)) */
}
{
......@@ -784,7 +786,8 @@ arguments! Keyword parameters passed in which are not present in the
\var{kwlist} will cause \exception{TypeError} to be raised.
Here is an example module which uses keywords, based on an example by
Geoff Philbrick (\email{philbrick@hks.com}):
Geoff Philbrick (\email{philbrick@hks.com}):%
\index{Philbrick, Geoff}
\begin{verbatim}
#include <stdio.h>
......@@ -1110,7 +1113,7 @@ owner. There are exactly two important exceptions to this rule:
\cfunction{PyTuple_SetItem()} and \cfunction{PyList_SetItem()}. These
functions take over ownership of the item passed to them --- even if
they fail! (Note that \cfunction{PyDict_SetItem()} and friends don't
take over ownership --- they are ``normal''.)
take over ownership --- they are ``normal.'')
When a \C{} function is called from Python, it borrows references to its
arguments from the caller. The caller owns a reference to the object,
......@@ -1138,6 +1141,7 @@ reference to a list item. For instance:
\begin{verbatim}
bug(PyObject *list) {
PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);
PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyInt_FromLong(0L));
PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0); /* BUG! */
}
......@@ -1171,6 +1175,7 @@ function reads:
\begin{verbatim}
no_bug(PyObject *list) {
PyObject *item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);
Py_INCREF(item);
PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyInt_FromLong(0L));
PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0);
......@@ -1206,7 +1211,7 @@ bug(PyObject *list) {
\subsection{NULL Pointers}
\label{nullPointers}
In general, functions that take object references as arguments don't
In general, functions that take object references as arguments do not
expect you to pass them \NULL{} pointers, and will dump core (or
cause later core dumps) if you do so. Functions that return object
references generally return \NULL{} only to indicate that an
......@@ -1220,7 +1225,7 @@ when a pointer that may be \NULL{} is received, e.g.\ from
\cfunction{malloc()} or from a function that may raise an exception.
The macros \cfunction{Py_INCREF()} and \cfunction{Py_DECREF()}
don't check for \NULL{} pointers --- however, their variants
do not check for \NULL{} pointers --- however, their variants
\cfunction{Py_XINCREF()} and \cfunction{Py_XDECREF()} do.
The macros for checking for a particular object type
......@@ -1329,13 +1334,14 @@ loading.
\label{sharedlibs}
The following systems support dynamic loading using shared libraries:
SunOS 4; Solaris 2; SGI IRIX 5 (but not SGI IRIX 4!); and probably all
systems derived from SVR4, or at least those SVR4 derivatives that
support shared libraries (are there any that don't?).
SunOS 4; Solaris 2; SGI IRIX 5 (but not SGI IRIX 4!), Linux, FreeBSD,
NetBSD; and probably all systems derived from SVR4, or at least those
SVR4 derivatives that support shared libraries (are there any that
don't?).
You don't need to do anything to configure dynamic loading on these
systems --- the \file{configure} detects the presence of the
\file{<dlfcn.h>} header file and automatically configures dynamic
\code{<dlfcn.h>} header file and automatically configures dynamic
loading.
\subsection{SGI IRIX 4 Dynamic Loading}
......@@ -1348,12 +1354,12 @@ work right away so I gave up trying to support it.)
Before you build Python, you first need to fetch and build the
\code{dl} package written by Jack Jansen. This is available by
anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload}, file
anonymous ftp from \url{ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/}, file
\file{dl-1.6.tar.Z}. (The version number may change.) Follow the
instructions in the package's \file{README} file to build it.
Once you have built \code{dl}, you can configure Python to use it. To
this end, you run the \file{configure} script with the option
this end, you run the \program{configure} script with the option
\code{--with-dl=\var{directory}} where \var{directory} is the absolute
pathname of the \code{dl} directory.
......@@ -1417,7 +1423,7 @@ contain the options \samp{-I\$(PYTHONTOP) -I\$(PYTHONTOP)/Include}.
You must link the \file{.o} file to produce a shared library. This is
done using a special invocation of the \UNIX{} loader/linker,
\emph{ld}(1). Unfortunately the invocation differs slightly per
\manpage{ld}{1}. Unfortunately the invocation differs slightly per
system.
On SunOS 4, use
......@@ -1451,7 +1457,7 @@ along the Python module search path.
\label{irixLinking}
\strong{IMPORTANT:} You must compile your extension module with the
additional \C{} flag \samp{-G0} (or \samp{-G 0}). This instruct the
additional \C{} flag \samp{-G0} (or \samp{-G 0}). This instructs the
assembler to generate position-independent code.
You don't need to link the resulting \file{spammodule.o} file; just
......
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