Reorganization: ripped util.py to shreds, creating in the process:

  - file_util.py: operations on single files
  - dir_util.py: operations on whole directories or directory trees
  - dep_util.py: simple timestamp-based dependency analysis
  - archive_util.py: creation of archive (tar, zip, ...) files
The functions left in util.py are miscellany that don't fit in any of the
new files.

Lib/distutils/archive_util.py

+"""distutils.archive_util
+
+Utility functions for creating archive files (tarballs, zip files,
+that sort of thing)."""
+
+# created 2000/04/03, Greg Ward (extracted from util.py)
+
+__revision__ = "$Id$"
+
+import os
+from distutils.errors import DistutilsExecError
+from distutils.spawn import spawn
+
+
+def make_tarball (base_name, base_dir, compress="gzip",
+                  verbose=0, dry_run=0):
+    """Create a (possibly compressed) tar file from all the files under
+       'base_dir'.  'compress' must be "gzip" (the default), "compress", or
+       None.  Both "tar" and the compression utility named by 'compress'
+       must be on the default program search path, so this is probably
+       Unix-specific.  The output tar file will be named 'base_dir' +
+       ".tar", possibly plus the appropriate compression extension
+       (".gz" or ".Z").  Return the output filename."""
+
+    # XXX GNU tar 1.13 has a nifty option to add a prefix directory.
+    # It's pretty new, though, so we certainly can't require it --
+    # but it would be nice to take advantage of it to skip the
+    # "create a tree of hardlinks" step!  (Would also be nice to
+    # detect GNU tar to use its 'z' option and save a step.)
+
+    compress_ext = { 'gzip': ".gz",
+                     'compress': ".Z" }
+
+    if compress is not None and compress not in ('gzip', 'compress'):
+        raise ValueError, \
+              "bad value for 'compress': must be None, 'gzip', or 'compress'"
+
+    archive_name = base_name + ".tar"
+    cmd = ["tar", "-cf", archive_name, base_dir]
+    spawn (cmd, verbose=verbose, dry_run=dry_run)
+
+    if compress:
+        spawn ([compress, archive_name], verbose=verbose, dry_run=dry_run)
+        return archive_name + compress_ext[compress]
+    else:
+        return archive_name
+
+# make_tarball ()
+
+
+def make_zipfile (base_name, base_dir, verbose=0, dry_run=0):
+    """Create a zip file from all the files under 'base_dir'.  The
+       output zip file will be named 'base_dir' + ".zip".  Uses either the
+       InfoZIP "zip" utility (if installed and found on the default search
+       path) or the "zipfile" Python module (if available).  If neither
+       tool is available, raises DistutilsExecError.  Returns the name
+       of the output zip file."""
+
+    # This initially assumed the Unix 'zip' utility -- but
+    # apparently InfoZIP's zip.exe works the same under Windows, so
+    # no changes needed!
+
+    zip_filename = base_name + ".zip"
+    try:
+        spawn (["zip", "-rq", zip_filename, base_dir],
+               verbose=verbose, dry_run=dry_run)
+    except DistutilsExecError:
+
+        # XXX really should distinguish between "couldn't find
+        # external 'zip' command" and "zip failed" -- shouldn't try
+        # again in the latter case.  (I think fixing this will
+        # require some cooperation from the spawn module -- perhaps
+        # a utility function to search the path, so we can fallback
+        # on zipfile.py without the failed spawn.)
+        try:
+            import zipfile
+        except ImportError:
+            raise DistutilsExecError, \
+                  ("unable to create zip file '%s': " + 
+                   "could neither find a standalone zip utility nor " +
+                   "import the 'zipfile' module") % zip_filename
+
+        if verbose:
+            print "creating '%s' and adding '%s' to it" % \
+                  (zip_filename, base_dir)
+
+        def visit (z, dirname, names):
+            for name in names:
+                path = os.path.join (dirname, name)
+                if os.path.isfile (path):
+                    z.write (path, path)
+
+        if not dry_run:
+            z = zipfile.ZipFile (zip_filename, "wb",
+                                 compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
+
+            os.path.walk (base_dir, visit, z)
+            z.close()
+
+    return zip_filename
+
+# make_zipfile ()
+
+
+def make_archive (base_name, format,
+                  root_dir=None, base_dir=None,
+                  verbose=0, dry_run=0):
+
+    """Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar).  'base_name' is the name
+    of the file to create, minus any format-specific extension; 'format'
+    is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "ztar", or "gztar".
+    'root_dir' is a directory that will be the root directory of the
+    archive; ie. we typically chdir into 'root_dir' before creating the
+    archive.  'base_dir' is the directory where we start archiving from;
+    ie. 'base_dir' will be the common prefix of all files and
+    directories in the archive.  'root_dir' and 'base_dir' both default
+    to the current directory."""
+
+    save_cwd = os.getcwd()
+    if root_dir is not None:
+        if verbose:
+            print "changing into '%s'" % root_dir
+        base_name = os.path.abspath (base_name)
+        if not dry_run:
+            os.chdir (root_dir)
+
+    if base_dir is None:
+        base_dir = os.curdir
+
+    kwargs = { 'verbose': verbose,
+               'dry_run': dry_run }
+    
+    if format == 'gztar':
+        func = make_tarball
+        kwargs['compress'] = 'gzip'
+    elif format == 'ztar':
+        func = make_tarball
+        kwargs['compress'] = 'compress'
+    elif format == 'tar':
+        func = make_tarball
+        kwargs['compress'] = None
+    elif format == 'zip':
+        func = make_zipfile
+
+    apply (func, (base_name, base_dir), kwargs)
+
+    if root_dir is not None:
+        if verbose:
+            print "changing back to '%s'" % save_cwd
+        os.chdir (save_cwd)
+
+# make_archive ()

Lib/distutils/dep_util.py

+"""distutils.dep_util
+
+Utility functions for simple, timestamp-based dependency of files
+and groups of files; also, function based entirely on such
+timestamp dependency analysis."""
+
+# created 2000/04/03, Greg Ward (extracted from util.py)
+
+__revision__ = "$Id$"
+
+import os
+from distutils.errors import DistutilsFileError
+
+
+def newer (source, target):
+    """Return true if 'source' exists and is more recently modified than
+       'target', or if 'source' exists and 'target' doesn't.  Return
+       false if both exist and 'target' is the same age or younger than
+       'source'.  Raise DistutilsFileError if 'source' does not
+       exist."""
+
+    if not os.path.exists (source):
+        raise DistutilsFileError, "file '%s' does not exist" % source
+    if not os.path.exists (target):
+        return 1
+
+    from stat import ST_MTIME
+    mtime1 = os.stat(source)[ST_MTIME]
+    mtime2 = os.stat(target)[ST_MTIME]
+
+    return mtime1 > mtime2
+
+# newer ()
+
+
+def newer_pairwise (sources, targets):
+    """Walk two filename lists in parallel, testing if each source is newer
+       than its corresponding target.  Return a pair of lists (sources,
+       targets) where source is newer than target, according to the
+       semantics of 'newer()'."""
+
+    if len (sources) != len (targets):
+        raise ValueError, "'sources' and 'targets' must be same length"
+
+    # build a pair of lists (sources, targets) where  source is newer
+    n_sources = []
+    n_targets = []
+    for i in range (len (sources)):
+        if newer (sources[i], targets[i]):
+            n_sources.append (sources[i])
+            n_targets.append (targets[i])
+
+    return (n_sources, n_targets)
+
+# newer_pairwise ()
+
+
+def newer_group (sources, target, missing='error'):
+    """Return true if 'target' is out-of-date with respect to any
+       file listed in 'sources'.  In other words, if 'target' exists and
+       is newer than every file in 'sources', return false; otherwise
+       return true.  'missing' controls what we do when a source file is
+       missing; the default ("error") is to blow up with an OSError from
+       inside 'stat()'; if it is "ignore", we silently drop any missing
+       source files; if it is "newer", any missing source files make us
+       assume that 'target' is out-of-date (this is handy in "dry-run"
+       mode: it'll make you pretend to carry out commands that wouldn't
+       work because inputs are missing, but that doesn't matter because
+       you're not actually going to run the commands)."""
+
+    # If the target doesn't even exist, then it's definitely out-of-date.
+    if not os.path.exists (target):
+        return 1
+   
+    # Otherwise we have to find out the hard way: if *any* source file
+    # is more recent than 'target', then 'target' is out-of-date and
+    # we can immediately return true.  If we fall through to the end
+    # of the loop, then 'target' is up-to-date and we return false.
+    from stat import ST_MTIME
+    target_mtime = os.stat (target)[ST_MTIME]
+    for source in sources:
+        if not os.path.exists (source):
+            if missing == 'error':      # blow up when we stat() the file
+                pass                    
+            elif missing == 'ignore':   # missing source dropped from 
+                continue                #  target's dependency list
+            elif missing == 'newer':    # missing source means target is
+                return 1                #  out-of-date
+            
+        source_mtime = os.stat(source)[ST_MTIME]
+        if source_mtime > target_mtime:
+            return 1
+    else:
+        return 0
+
+# newer_group ()
+
+
+# XXX this isn't used anywhere, and worse, it has the same name as a method
+# in Command with subtly different semantics.  (This one just has one
+# source -> one dest; that one has many sources -> one dest.)  Nuke it?
+def make_file (src, dst, func, args,
+               verbose=0, update_message=None, noupdate_message=None):
+    """Makes 'dst' from 'src' (both filenames) by calling 'func' with
+       'args', but only if it needs to: i.e. if 'dst' does not exist or
+       'src' is newer than 'dst'."""
+
+    if newer (src, dst):
+        if verbose and update_message:
+            print update_message
+        apply (func, args)
+    else:
+        if verbose and noupdate_message:
+            print noupdate_message
+
+# make_file ()

Lib/distutils/dir_util.py

+"""distutils.dir_util
+
+Utility functions for manipulating directories and directory trees."""
+
+# created 2000/04/03, Greg Ward (extracted from util.py)
+
+__revision__ = "$Id$"
+
+import os
+from distutils.errors import DistutilsFileError
+
+
+# cache for by mkpath() -- in addition to cheapening redundant calls,
+# eliminates redundant "creating /foo/bar/baz" messages in dry-run mode
+PATH_CREATED = {}
+
+# I don't use os.makedirs because a) it's new to Python 1.5.2, and
+# b) it blows up if the directory already exists (I want to silently
+# succeed in that case).
+def mkpath (name, mode=0777, verbose=0, dry_run=0):
+    """Create a directory and any missing ancestor directories.  If the
+       directory already exists (or if 'name' is the empty string, which
+       means the current directory, which of course exists), then do
+       nothing.  Raise DistutilsFileError if unable to create some
+       directory along the way (eg. some sub-path exists, but is a file
+       rather than a directory).  If 'verbose' is true, print a one-line
+       summary of each mkdir to stdout.  Return the list of directories
+       actually created."""
+
+    global PATH_CREATED
+
+    # XXX what's the better way to handle verbosity? print as we create
+    # each directory in the path (the current behaviour), or only announce
+    # the creation of the whole path? (quite easy to do the latter since
+    # we're not using a recursive algorithm)
+
+    name = os.path.normpath (name)
+    created_dirs = []
+    if os.path.isdir (name) or name == '':
+        return created_dirs
+    if PATH_CREATED.get (name):
+        return created_dirs
+
+    (head, tail) = os.path.split (name)
+    tails = [tail]                      # stack of lone dirs to create
+    
+    while head and tail and not os.path.isdir (head):
+        #print "splitting '%s': " % head,
+        (head, tail) = os.path.split (head)
+        #print "to ('%s','%s')" % (head, tail)
+        tails.insert (0, tail)          # push next higher dir onto stack
+
+    #print "stack of tails:", tails
+
+    # now 'head' contains the deepest directory that already exists
+    # (that is, the child of 'head' in 'name' is the highest directory
+    # that does *not* exist)
+    for d in tails:
+        #print "head = %s, d = %s: " % (head, d),
+        head = os.path.join (head, d)
+        if PATH_CREATED.get (head):
+            continue
+
+        if verbose:
+            print "creating", head
+
+        if not dry_run:
+            try:
+                os.mkdir (head)
+                created_dirs.append(head)
+            except OSError, exc:
+                raise DistutilsFileError, \
+                      "could not create '%s': %s" % (head, exc[-1])
+
+        PATH_CREATED[head] = 1
+    return created_dirs
+
+# mkpath ()
+
+
+def create_tree (base_dir, files, mode=0777, verbose=0, dry_run=0):
+
+    """Create all the empty directories under 'base_dir' needed to
+       put 'files' there.  'base_dir' is just the a name of a directory
+       which doesn't necessarily exist yet; 'files' is a list of filenames
+       to be interpreted relative to 'base_dir'.  'base_dir' + the
+       directory portion of every file in 'files' will be created if it
+       doesn't already exist.  'mode', 'verbose' and 'dry_run' flags are as
+       for 'mkpath()'."""
+
+    # First get the list of directories to create
+    need_dir = {}
+    for file in files:
+        need_dir[os.path.join (base_dir, os.path.dirname (file))] = 1
+    need_dirs = need_dir.keys()
+    need_dirs.sort()
+
+    # Now create them
+    for dir in need_dirs:
+        mkpath (dir, mode, verbose, dry_run)
+
+# create_tree ()
+
+
+def copy_tree (src, dst,
+               preserve_mode=1,
+               preserve_times=1,
+               preserve_symlinks=0,
+               update=0,
+               verbose=0,
+               dry_run=0):
+
+    """Copy an entire directory tree 'src' to a new location 'dst'.  Both
+       'src' and 'dst' must be directory names.  If 'src' is not a
+       directory, raise DistutilsFileError.  If 'dst' does not exist, it is
+       created with 'mkpath()'.  The end result of the copy is that every
+       file in 'src' is copied to 'dst', and directories under 'src' are
+       recursively copied to 'dst'.  Return the list of files that were
+       copied or might have been copied, using their output name.  The
+       return value is unaffected by 'update' or 'dry_run': it is simply
+       the list of all files under 'src', with the names changed to be
+       under 'dst'.
+
+       'preserve_mode' and 'preserve_times' are the same as for
+       'copy_file'; note that they only apply to regular files, not to
+       directories.  If 'preserve_symlinks' is true, symlinks will be
+       copied as symlinks (on platforms that support them!); otherwise
+       (the default), the destination of the symlink will be copied.
+       'update' and 'verbose' are the same as for 'copy_file'."""
+
+    from distutils.file_util import copy_file
+
+    if not dry_run and not os.path.isdir (src):
+        raise DistutilsFileError, \
+              "cannot copy tree '%s': not a directory" % src    
+    try:
+        names = os.listdir (src)
+    except os.error, (errno, errstr):
+        if dry_run:
+            names = []
+        else:
+            raise DistutilsFileError, \
+                  "error listing files in '%s': %s" % (src, errstr)
+
+    if not dry_run:
+        mkpath (dst, verbose=verbose)
+
+    outputs = []
+
+    for n in names:
+        src_name = os.path.join (src, n)
+        dst_name = os.path.join (dst, n)
+
+        if preserve_symlinks and os.path.islink (src_name):
+            link_dest = os.readlink (src_name)
+            if verbose:
+                print "linking %s -> %s" % (dst_name, link_dest)
+            if not dry_run:
+                os.symlink (link_dest, dst_name)
+            outputs.append (dst_name)
+            
+        elif os.path.isdir (src_name):
+            outputs.extend (
+                copy_tree (src_name, dst_name,
+                           preserve_mode, preserve_times, preserve_symlinks,
+                           update, verbose, dry_run))
+        else:
+            copy_file (src_name, dst_name,
+                       preserve_mode, preserve_times,
+                       update, None, verbose, dry_run)
+            outputs.append (dst_name)
+
+    return outputs
+
+# copy_tree ()
+
+
+def remove_tree (directory, verbose=0, dry_run=0):
+    """Recursively remove an entire directory tree.  Any errors are ignored
+       (apart from being reported to stdout if 'verbose' is true)."""
+
+    from shutil import rmtree
+
+    if verbose:
+        print "removing '%s' (and everything under it)" % directory
+    if dry_run:
+        return
+    try:
+        rmtree(directory,1)
+    except (IOError, OSError), exc:
+        if verbose:
+            if exc.filename:
+                print "error removing %s: %s (%s)" % \
+                       (directory, exc.strerror, exc.filename)
+            else:
+                print "error removing %s: %s" % (directory, exc.strerror)

Lib/distutils/file_util.py

+"""distutils.file_util
+
+Utility functions for operating on single files."""
+
+# created 2000/04/03, Greg Ward (extracted from util.py)
+
+__revision__ = "$Id$"
+
+import os
+from distutils.errors import DistutilsFileError
+
+
+# for generating verbose output in 'copy_file()'
+_copy_action = { None:   'copying',
+                 'hard': 'hard linking',
+                 'sym':  'symbolically linking' }
+
+
+def _copy_file_contents (src, dst, buffer_size=16*1024):
+    """Copy the file 'src' to 'dst'; both must be filenames.  Any error
+       opening either file, reading from 'src', or writing to 'dst',
+       raises DistutilsFileError.  Data is read/written in chunks of
+       'buffer_size' bytes (default 16k).  No attempt is made to handle
+       anything apart from regular files."""
+
+    # Stolen from shutil module in the standard library, but with
+    # custom error-handling added.
+
+    fsrc = None
+    fdst = None
+    try:
+        try:
+            fsrc = open(src, 'rb')
+        except os.error, (errno, errstr):
+            raise DistutilsFileError, \
+                  "could not open '%s': %s" % (src, errstr)
+        
+        try:
+            fdst = open(dst, 'wb')
+        except os.error, (errno, errstr):
+            raise DistutilsFileError, \
+                  "could not create '%s': %s" % (dst, errstr)
+        
+        while 1:
+            try:
+                buf = fsrc.read (buffer_size)
+            except os.error, (errno, errstr):
+                raise DistutilsFileError, \
+                      "could not read from '%s': %s" % (src, errstr)
+            
+            if not buf:
+                break
+
+            try:
+                fdst.write(buf)
+            except os.error, (errno, errstr):
+                raise DistutilsFileError, \
+                      "could not write to '%s': %s" % (dst, errstr)
+            
+    finally:
+        if fdst:
+            fdst.close()
+        if fsrc:
+            fsrc.close()
+
+# _copy_file_contents()
+
+
+def copy_file (src, dst,
+               preserve_mode=1,
+               preserve_times=1,
+               update=0,
+               link=None,
+               verbose=0,
+               dry_run=0):
+
+    """Copy a file 'src' to 'dst'.  If 'dst' is a directory, then 'src'
+       is copied there with the same name; otherwise, it must be a
+       filename.  (If the file exists, it will be ruthlessly clobbered.)
+       If 'preserve_mode' is true (the default), the file's mode (type
+       and permission bits, or whatever is analogous on the current
+       platform) is copied.  If 'preserve_times' is true (the default),
+       the last-modified and last-access times are copied as well.  If
+       'update' is true, 'src' will only be copied if 'dst' does not
+       exist, or if 'dst' does exist but is older than 'src'.  If
+       'verbose' is true, then a one-line summary of the copy will be
+       printed to stdout.
+
+       'link' allows you to make hard links (os.link) or symbolic links
+       (os.symlink) instead of copying: set it to "hard" or "sym"; if it
+       is None (the default), files are copied.  Don't set 'link' on
+       systems that don't support it: 'copy_file()' doesn't check if
+       hard or symbolic linking is availalble.
+
+       Under Mac OS, uses the native file copy function in macostools;
+       on other systems, uses '_copy_file_contents()' to copy file
+       contents.
+
+       Return true if the file was copied (or would have been copied),
+       false otherwise (ie. 'update' was true and the destination is
+       up-to-date)."""
+
+    # XXX if the destination file already exists, we clobber it if
+    # copying, but blow up if linking.  Hmmm.  And I don't know what
+    # macostools.copyfile() does.  Should definitely be consistent, and
+    # should probably blow up if destination exists and we would be
+    # changing it (ie. it's not already a hard/soft link to src OR
+    # (not update) and (src newer than dst).
+
+    from stat import *
+    from distutils.dep_util import newer
+
+    if not os.path.isfile (src):
+        raise DistutilsFileError, \
+              "can't copy '%s': doesn't exist or not a regular file" % src
+
+    if os.path.isdir (dst):
+        dir = dst
+        dst = os.path.join (dst, os.path.basename (src))
+    else:
+        dir = os.path.dirname (dst)
+
+    if update and not newer (src, dst):
+        if verbose:
+            print "not copying %s (output up-to-date)" % src
+        return 0
+
+    try:
+        action = _copy_action[link]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise ValueError, \
+              "invalid value '%s' for 'link' argument" % link
+    if verbose:
+        print "%s %s -> %s" % (action, src, dir)
+
+    if dry_run:
+        return 1
+
+    # On a Mac, use the native file copy routine
+    if os.name == 'mac':
+        import macostools
+        try:
+            macostools.copy (src, dst, 0, preserve_times)
+        except OSError, exc:
+            raise DistutilsFileError, \
+                  "could not copy '%s' to '%s': %s" % (src, dst, exc[-1])
+    
+    # If linking (hard or symbolic), use the appropriate system call
+    # (Unix only, of course, but that's the caller's responsibility)
+    elif link == 'hard':
+        if not (os.path.exists (dst) and os.path.samefile (src, dst)):
+            os.link (src, dst)
+    elif link == 'sym':
+        if not (os.path.exists (dst) and os.path.samefile (src, dst)):
+            os.symlink (src, dst)
+
+    # Otherwise (non-Mac, not linking), copy the file contents and
+    # (optionally) copy the times and mode.
+    else:
+        _copy_file_contents (src, dst)
+        if preserve_mode or preserve_times:
+            st = os.stat (src)
+
+            # According to David Ascher <da@ski.org>, utime() should be done
+            # before chmod() (at least under NT).
+            if preserve_times:
+                os.utime (dst, (st[ST_ATIME], st[ST_MTIME]))
+            if preserve_mode:
+                os.chmod (dst, S_IMODE (st[ST_MODE]))
+
+    return 1
+
+# copy_file ()
+
+
+# XXX I suspect this is Unix-specific -- need porting help!
+def move_file (src, dst,
+               verbose=0,
+               dry_run=0):
+
+    """Move a file 'src' to 'dst'.  If 'dst' is a directory, the file
+       will be moved into it with the same name; otherwise, 'src' is
+       just renamed to 'dst'.  Return the new full name of the file.
+
+       Handles cross-device moves on Unix using
+       'copy_file()'.  What about other systems???"""
+
+    from os.path import exists, isfile, isdir, basename, dirname
+
+    if verbose:
+        print "moving %s -> %s" % (src, dst)
+
+    if dry_run:
+        return dst
+
+    if not isfile (src):
+        raise DistutilsFileError, \
+              "can't move '%s': not a regular file" % src
+
+    if isdir (dst):
+        dst = os.path.join (dst, basename (src))
+    elif exists (dst):
+        raise DistutilsFileError, \
+              "can't move '%s': destination '%s' already exists" % \
+              (src, dst)
+
+    if not isdir (dirname (dst)):
+        raise DistutilsFileError, \
+              "can't move '%s': destination '%s' not a valid path" % \
+              (src, dst)
+
+    copy_it = 0
+    try:
+        os.rename (src, dst)
+    except os.error, (num, msg):
+        if num == errno.EXDEV:
+            copy_it = 1
+        else:
+            raise DistutilsFileError, \
+                  "couldn't move '%s' to '%s': %s" % (src, dst, msg)
+
+    if copy_it:
+        copy_file (src, dst)
+        try:
+            os.unlink (src)
+        except os.error, (num, msg):
+            try:
+                os.unlink (dst)
+            except os.error:
+                pass
+            raise DistutilsFileError, \
+                  ("couldn't move '%s' to '%s' by copy/delete: " + 
+                   "delete '%s' failed: %s") % \
+                  (src, dst, src, msg)
+
+    return dst
+
+# move_file ()
+
+
+def write_file (filename, contents):
+    """Create a file with the specified name and write 'contents' (a
+       sequence of strings without line terminators) to it."""
+
+    f = open (filename, "w")
+    for line in contents:
+        f.write (line + "\n")
+    f.close ()