The subprocess module can now use the os.posix_spawnp() function,
if it is available, to locate the program in the PATH.

Add a new os.posix_spawnp() function.

The subprocess module can now use the os.posix_spawn() function
in some cases for better performance. Currently, it is only used on macOS
and Linux (using glibc 2.24 or newer) if all these conditions are met:

* executable path contains a directory
* close_fds=False
* preexec_fn, pass_fds, cwd, stdin, stdout, stderr
  and start_new_session parameters are not set
Co-authored-by: Joannah Nanjekye <nanjekyejoannah@gmail.com>

Fix a NULL pointer deref in ssl module. The cert parser did not handle CRL
distribution points with empty DP or URI correctly. A malicious or buggy
certificate can result into segfault.
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>



https://bugs.python.org/issue35746

asyncio.ProactorEventLoop now catchs and logs send errors when the
self-pipe is full: BaseProactorEventLoop._write_to_self() now catchs
and logs OSError exceptions, as done by
BaseSelectorEventLoop._write_to_self().

Handle the case of an empty module name in PYTHONBREAKPOINT.

Fixes a regression introduced in bpo-34756.

Add repr(self) to the log to display the number of pending overlapped
in the log.

IocpProactor.close() now uses time to decide when to log: wait 1
second before the first log, then log every second. Log also the
number of seconds since close() was called.

Show correct number of repeats.

Previously, calling the strftime() method on a datetime object with a
trailing '%' in the format string would result in an exception. However,
this only occured when the datetime C module was being used; the python
implementation did not match this behavior. Datetime is now PEP-399
compliant, and will not throw an exception on a trailing '%'.

IDLE's test_squeezer.SqueezerTest.test_reload, added for issue 35196,
failed on both Gentoo buildbots.

The new functionality of Squeezer.reload() is also tested, along with some general
re-working of the tests in test_squeezer.py.

Format characters "%s" and "%V" in PyUnicode_FromFormat() and "%s" in PyBytes_FromFormat()
no longer read memory past the limit if precision is specified.

Add also tests for PyUnicode_FromFormat() and PyBytes_FromFormat()
with empty result.

Use the fast call convention for math functions atan2(),
copysign(), hypot() and remainder() and inline unpacking
arguments. This sped up them by 1.3--2.5 times.

Inline PyArg_UnpackTuple() and _PyArg_UnpackStack() in performance
sensitive code in the builtins and operator modules.

Argument clinic now generates fast inline code for
positional parsing, so the manually implemented type
check in math.dist can be removed.

This change separates the signal handling trigger in the eval loop from the "pending calls" machinery. There is no semantic change and the difference in performance is insignificant.

The change makes both components less confusing. It also eliminates the risk of changes to the pending calls affecting signal handling. This is particularly relevant for some upcoming pending calls changes I have in the works.

This fixes ShareableTypeTests.test_int() in Lib/test/test__xxsubinterpreters.py.

Use _PyArg_CheckPositional() and inlined code instead of
PyArg_UnpackTuple() and _PyArg_UnpackStack() if all parameters
are positional and use the "object" converter.

Fix memory leaks in asyncio ProactorEventLoop on overlapped operation
failures.

Changes:

* Implement the tp_traverse slot in the _overlapped.Overlapped type
  to help to break reference cycles and identify referrers in the
  garbage collector.
* Always clear overlapped on failure: not only set type to
  TYPE_NOT_STARTED, but release also resources.

Document that the time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW constant
is now also available on macOS 10.12.
Co-authored-by: Ricardo Fraile <rfraile@rfraile.eu>

* asyncio: __del__() keep reference to warnings.warn

The __del__() methods of asyncio classes now keep a strong reference
to the warnings.warn() to be able to display the ResourceWarning
warning in more cases. Ensure that the function remains available if
instances are destroyed late during Python shutdown (while module
symbols are cleared).

* Rename warn parameter to _warn

"_warn" name is a hint that it's not the regular warnings.warn()
function.

* _wait_for_handle(), _register() and _unregister() methods of
  IocpProactor now raise an exception if closed
* Add "closed" to IocpProactor.__repr__()
* Simplify IocpProactor.close()