exists when checking for a package.

Before there was an isdir check and then various isfile checks for
possible __init__ files when looking for a package.
This change drops the isdir check by leaning
on the assumption that a directory will not contain something named
after the module being imported which is not a directory. If the module
is a package then it saves a stat call. If there is nothing in the
directory with the potential package name it also saves a stat call.
Only if there is something in the directory named the same thing as
the potential package will the number of stat calls increase
(due to more wasteful __init__ checks).

Semantically there is no change as the isdir check moved
down so that namespace packages continue to have no chance of
accidentally collecting non-existent directories.

now that self.path is no longer forced to '.'.

and stop importlib.machinery.FileFinder treating '' as '.'.

Previous PathFinder transformed '' into '.' which led to __file__ for
modules imported from the cwd to always be relative paths. This meant
the values of the attribute were wrong as soon as the cwd changed.
This change now means that as long as the site module is run (which
makes all entries in sys.path absolute) then all values for __file__
will also be absolute unless it's for __main__ when specified by file
path in a relative way (modules imported by runpy will have an
absolute path).

Now that PathFinder is no longer treating '' as '.' it only makes
sense for FileFinder to stop doing so as well. Now no transformation
is performed for the directory given to the __init__ method.

Thanks to Madison May for the initial patch.

Rename Transport.pause/resume to pause_reading/pause_writing. Also relax timeout in test_call_later().

source.

- don't call PyErr_NoMemory with interpreter is not initialised
- note that it's OK to call _PyMem_RawStrDup here
- don't include this in the limited API
- capitalise "IO"
- be explicit that a non-zero return indicates an error
- include versionadded marker in docs

Previously, the -R option would be specified multiple times
if PYTHONHASHSEED was set.

Order of search is now:
  1. Try getattr
  2. If that throws an exception, check __dict__ directly
  3. If still not found, walk the mro looking for the eldest class that has
     the attribute (e.g. things returned by __getattr__)
  4. If none of that works (e.g. due to a buggy __dir__, __getattr__, etc.
     method or missing __slot__ attribute), ignore the attribute entirely.

I'll make sure and include them in future patches.

Fix inaccurate versionchanged tag for compressobj(): most parameter were there, just got kwarg support.

Patch by Zero Piraeus.