_PyRuntime.preconfig.coerce_c_locale can now be used to
check if the C locale has been coerced.

* Fix _Py_LegacyLocaleDetected(): don't attempt to coerce the
  C locale if LC_ALL environment variable is set. Add 'warn'
  parameter: emit_stderr_warning_for_legacy_locale() must not
  the LC_ALL env var.
* _PyPreConfig_Write() sets coerce_c_locale to 0 if
  _Py_CoerceLegacyLocale() fails.

* Fix encoding and locale tests in test_embed.InitConfigTests.
* InitConfigTests now only computes EXPECTED_CONFIG once.
* Add tests for PYTHONWARNINGS and PYTHONPATH env vars

This slightly expands an existing test case `test_popen_error` to trigger a `ResourceWarning` and fixes it.


https://bugs.python.org/issue35721

* Add _PyPreConfig.parse_argv
* Add _PyCoreConfig._config_init field and _PyCoreConfigInitEnum enum
  type
* Initialization functions: reject preconfig=NULL and config=NULL
* Add config parameter to _PyCoreConfig_DecodeLocaleErr(): pass
  config->argv to _Py_PreInitializeFromPyArgv(), to parse config
  command line arguments in preinitialization.
* Add config parameter to _PyCoreConfig_SetString(). It now
  preinitializes Python.
* _PyCoreConfig_SetPyArgv() now also preinitializes Python for wide
  argv
* Fix _Py_PreInitializeFromCoreConfig(): don't pass args to
  _Py_PreInitializeFromPyArgv() if config.parse_argv=0.
* Use "char * const *" and "wchar_t * const *" types for 'argv'
  parameters and _PyArgv.argv.
* Add unit test on preinitialization from argv.
* _PyPreConfig.allocator type becomes int
* Add _PyPreConfig_InitFromPreConfig() and
  _PyPreConfig_InitFromCoreConfig() helper functions

Print any argument other than None or int passed to SystemExit
or sys.exit().

Add new cpython/traceback.h and pycore_traceback.h header files to
Makefile.pre.in and PCbuild/ project.

Add new Include/cpython/traceback.h and Include/internal/traceback.h
header files.

The sqlit3.Connection object doesn't call its close() method when it's used
as a context manager.

* Add math.isqrt function computing the integer square root.

* Code cleanup: remove redundant comments, rename some variables.

* Tighten up code a bit more; use Py_XDECREF to simplify error handling.

* Update Modules/mathmodule.c
Co-Authored-By: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

* Update Modules/mathmodule.c

Use real argument clinic type instead of an alias
Co-Authored-By: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

* Add proof sketch

* Updates from review.

* Correct and expand documentation.

* Fix bad reference handling on error; make some variables block-local; other tidying.

* Style and consistency fixes.

* Add missing error check; don't try to DECREF a NULL a

* Simplify some error returns.

* Another two test cases:

- clarify that floats are rejected even if they happen to be
  squares of small integers
- TypeError beats ValueError for a negative float

* Add fast path for small inputs. Needs tests.

* Speed up isqrt for n >= 2**64 as well; add extra tests.

* Reduce number of test-cases to avoid dominating the run-time of test_math.

* Don't perform unnecessary extra iterations when computing c_bit_length.

* Abstract common uint64_t code out into a separate function.

* Cleanup.

* Add a missing Py_DECREF in an error branch. More cleanup.

* Update Modules/mathmodule.c

Add missing `static` declaration to helper function.
Co-Authored-By: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

* Add missing backtick.

Add a missing comma.

This makes the parser consistent with the tokenize module (already the case
in `pypy`).

sample
------

```python
x = 5\
```

before
------

```console
$ python3 t.py
$ python3 -mtokenize t.py
t.py:2:0: error: EOF in multi-line statement
```

after
-----

```console
$ ./python t.py
  File "t.py", line 3
    x = 5\

         ^
SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing
$ ./python -m tokenize t.py
t.py:2:0: error: EOF in multi-line statement
```



https://bugs.python.org/issue2180

* Add math.isqrt function computing the integer square root.

* Code cleanup: remove redundant comments, rename some variables.

* Tighten up code a bit more; use Py_XDECREF to simplify error handling.

* Update Modules/mathmodule.c
Co-Authored-By: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

* Update Modules/mathmodule.c

Use real argument clinic type instead of an alias
Co-Authored-By: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

* Add proof sketch

* Updates from review.

* Correct and expand documentation.

* Fix bad reference handling on error; make some variables block-local; other tidying.

* Style and consistency fixes.

* Add missing error check; don't try to DECREF a NULL a

* Simplify some error returns.

* Another two test cases:

- clarify that floats are rejected even if they happen to be
  squares of small integers
- TypeError beats ValueError for a negative float

* Documentation and markup improvements; thanks Serhiy for the suggestions!

* Cleaner Misc/NEWS entry wording.

* Clean up (with one fix) to the algorithm explanation and proof.

_PyPreConfig_InitPythonConfig() and _PyCoreConfig_InitPythonConfig()
no longer inherit their values from global configuration variables.

Changes:

* _PyPreCmdline_Read() now ignores -X dev and PYTHONDEVMODE
  if dev_mode is already set.
* Inline _PyPreConfig_INIT macro into _PyPreConfig_Init() function.
* Inline _PyCoreConfig_INIT macro into _PyCoreConfig_Init() function.
* Replace _PyCoreConfig_Init() with _PyCoreConfig_InitPythonConfig()
  in most tests of _testembed.c.
* Replace _PyCoreConfig_Init() with _PyCoreConfig_InitIsolatedConfig()
  in _freeze_importlib.c.
* Move some initialization functions from the internal
  to the private API.

* The type of initlization function 'argc' parameters becomes
  Py_ssize_t, instead of int.
* Change _PyPreConfig_Copy() return type to void, instead of int.
  The function cannot fail anymore.
* Fix compilation warnings on Windows.

* Add _PyInitError functions:

  * _PyInitError_Ok()
  * _PyInitError_Error()
  * _PyInitError_NoMemory()
  * _PyInitError_Exit()
  * _PyInitError_IsError()
  * _PyInitError_IsExit()
  * _PyInitError_Failed()

* frozenmain.c and _testembed.c now use functions rather than macros.
* Move _Py_INIT_xxx() macros to the internal API.
* Move _PyWstrList_INIT macro to the internal API.

Py_Main() and _Py_RunMain() now return the exitcode rather than
calling Py_Exit(exitcode) when calling PyErr_Print() if the current
exception type is SystemExit.

* Add _Py_HandleSystemExit().
* Add pymain_exit_err_print().
* Add pymain_exit_print().