Standard streams like sys.stdout now use the "surrogateescape" error
handler, instead of "strict", on the POSIX locale (when the C locale is not
coerced and the UTF-8 Mode is disabled).

Add tests on sys.stdout.errors with LC_ALL=POSIX.

* Move Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding() from pylifecycle.c
  to coreconfig.c
* Add _Py_ClearStandardStreamEncoding() private function.
* pymain_free() now calls _Py_ClearStandardStreamEncoding().
* Add assertions add the end of _PyCoreConfig_Read()
* _PyCoreConfig_Copy(): rename COPY_STR_ATTR() macro
  to COPY_WSTR_ATTR().
* Fix get_stdio_errors() indentation.

* _Py_InitializeCore() now sets the LC_CTYPE locale to the user
  preferred locale before checking if the C locale should be coerced
  or not in _PyCoreConfig_Read().
* Fix pymain_read_conf(): remember if the C locale has been coerced
  when the configuration should be read again if the encoding has
  changed.

Python now gets the locale encoding with C code to initialize the encoding
of standard streams like sys.stdout. Moreover, the encoding is now
initialized to the Python codec name to get a normalized encoding name and
to ensure that the codec is loaded. The change avoids importing
_bootlocale and _locale modules at startup by default.

When the PYTHONIOENCODING environment variable only contains an encoding,
the error handler is now is now set explicitly to "strict".

Rename also get_default_standard_stream_error_handler() to
get_stdio_errors().

Reduce the buffer to format the "cpXXX" string (Windows locale encoding).

On HP-UX with C or POSIX locale, sys.getfilesystemencoding() now returns
"ascii" instead of "roman8" (when the UTF-8 Mode is disabled and the C locale
is not coerced).

nl_langinfo(CODESET) announces "roman8" whereas it uses the Latin1
encoding in practice.

* The UTF-8 Mode is now also enabled by the "POSIX" locale, not only
  by the "C" locale.
* On FreeBSD, Py_DecodeLocale() and Py_EncodeLocale() now also forces
  the ASCII encoding if the LC_CTYPE locale is "POSIX", not only if
  the LC_CTYPE locale is "C".
* test_utf8_mode.test_cmd_line() checks also that the command line
  arguments are decoded from UTF-8 when the the UTF-8 Mode is enabled
  with POSIX locale or C locale.

Robust caching of calculated properties is
harder than it looks at first glance, so add
a solid, well-tested implementation to the
standard library.

AIX uses ISO-8859-1 encoding for the C locale.

Remove "trace.cover" left from previous test runs before testing
that it is no longer created.

bpo-32968: Make modulo and floor division involving Fraction and float consistent with other operations (#5956)

Make mixed-type `%` and `//` operations involving `Fraction` and `float` objects behave like all other mixed-type arithmetic operations: first the `Fraction` object is converted to a `float`, then the `float` operation is performed as normal. This fixes some surprising corner cases, like `Fraction('1/3') % inf` giving a NaN.

Thanks Elias Zamaria for the patch.

An old apparent AIX behavior workaround in test_subprocess's
test_undecodable_env is no longer needed.

Reported by Svace static analyzer.

Reported by Svace static analyzer.

Previously marks stack was upsized even there was space for additional item.

`yield conn`, instead of just `yield`.

Avoids an integer underflow in the time module's year handling code.

bpo-34492: Python/coreconfig.c: Add missing NULL check to _Py_wstrlist_copy().

Fix _Py_wstrlist_clear() call on a wrong list.

Reported by Svace static analyzer.

Reported by Svace static analyzer.

Also, propagate the error from PyNumber_AsSsize_t() because we don't care
only about OverflowError which is not reported if the second argument is NULL.

Reported by Svace static analyzer.

Reported by Svace static analyzer.

Reported by Svace static analyzer.

There was a missing comma.

semapthores -> semaphores

The current C implementations **crash** if the input includes a surrogate
Unicode code point, which is not possible to encode in UTF-8.

Important notes:

1.  It is possible to pass a non-UTF-8 string as a separator to the
    `.isoformat()` methods.
2.  The pure-Python `datetime.fromisoformat()` implementation accepts
    strings with a surrogate as the separator.

In `datetime.fromisoformat()`, in the special case of non-UTF-8 separators,
this implementation will take a performance hit by making a copy of the
input string and replacing the separator with 'T'.
Co-authored-by: Alexey Izbyshev <izbyshev@ispras.ru>
Co-authored-by: Paul Ganssle <paul@ganssle.io>