- __init_subclass__ called when new subclasses defined
- __set_name__ called when descriptors are part of a
  class definition

Patch by Sean Rodman, test by Kaushik N.

Most fixes to Doc/ and Lib/ directories by Ville Skyttä.

Implementation by Antoine Pitrou.

Patch by Christie Wilson.

shows the help on str.  help('help') now shows the help on help().
Original patch by Mark Lawrence.

differs from file system encoding (e.g. on Mac OS).

Patch by Yuyang Guo and Berker Peksag.

Original patch by Amaury Forgeot d'Arc with a test by bdettmer.

Patch by Víctor Terrón.

I'll look into re-enabling them in issue #20128.

for bound methods.  Previous to this change, it displayed "self" for methods
implemented in Python but not methods implemented in C; it is now both
internally consistent and consistent with inspect.Signature.

I'll look into re-enabling them in issue #20128.

for bound methods.  Previous to this change, it displayed "self" for methods
implemented in Python but not methods implemented in C; it is now both
internally consistent and consistent with inspect.Signature.

The test is failing on one of the stable FreeBSD buildbots.  It seems
unlikely that the gc module would not be available, so switching to
_imp may not fix the problem.

Also add missing tests to test_pydoc.

Patch by Serhiy Storchaka and Vajrasky Kok.

Issue #19030: final pieces for proper location of various class attributes located in the metaclass.

Okay, hopefully the very last patch for this issue.  :/

I realized when playing with Enum that the metaclass attributes weren't always displayed properly.

New patch properly locates DynamicClassAttributes, virtual class attributes (returned by __getattr__ and friends), and metaclass class attributes (if they are also in the metaclass __dir__ method).

Also had to change one line in pydoc to get this to work.

Added tests in test_inspect and test_pydoc to cover these situations.

ModuleNotFoundError.

ImportError.

The exception is raised by import when a module could not be found.
Technically this is defined as no viable loader could be found for the
specified module. This includes ``from ... import`` statements so that
the module usage is consistent for all situations where import
couldn't find what was requested.

This should allow for the common idiom of::

  try:
    import something
  except ImportError:
    pass

to be updated to using ModuleNotFoundError and not accidentally mask
ImportError messages that should propagate (e.g. issues with a
loader).

This work was driven by the fact that the ``from ... import``
statement needed to be able to tell the difference between an
ImportError that simply couldn't find a module (and thus silence the
exception so that ceval can raise it) and an ImportError that
represented an actual problem.

other tests.

This fixes a regression relative to Python2.  (In 2, methods on a class were
unbound methods and matched the inspect queries being done, in 3 they are just
functions and so were missed).

This is an undocumented function that pydoc itself does not use, but
I found that numpy at least uses it in its documentation generator.

Original patch by Matt Bachmann.