Add os.posix_spawn to wrap the low level POSIX API of the same name.

Contributed by Pablo Galindo.

Document the error return of PyLong_As* APIs.

A frequent Python C API usage error is neglecting to check the return
value and/or PyErr_Occurred().

This reverts commit 47c0b1f7.

Definition order of kwonly params is now guaranteed preserved.

I've run some tests on 3.7 asyncio and it appears that too many
things assume that run_in_executor returns a Future.

Ensure that ``truncate()`` preserves the file position (as reported by ``tell()``) after writes longer than the buffer size. 

It will be triggered when propagating an exception.

* bpo-32659: Solaris "stat" should support "st_fstype"

* Add 'versionadded'

Better account for single-line compound statements and
semi-colon separated statements when suggesting
Py3 replacements for Py2 print statements.

Initial patch by Nitish Chandra.

Updating the C API docs was missed when the per-opcode
tracing & profiling support was initially added.

The arguments to a generator function which is declared as a
contextmanager are stored inside the context manager, and
thus are kept alive, even when it is used as a regular context
manager, and not as a function decorator (where it needs
the original arguments to recreate the generator on each
call).

This is a possible unnecessary memory leak, so this changes
contextmanager.__enter__ to release the saved arguments,
as that method being called means that particular CM instance
isn't going to need to recreate the underlying generator.

Patch by Martin Teichmann.

Add PEP 557 Data CLasses to What's New.

Class authors no longer need to specify repr=False if they want to provide a custom __repr__ for dataclasses. The same thing applies for the other dunder methods that the dataclass decorator adds. If dataclass finds that a dunder methods is defined in the class, it will not overwrite it.

On mac, sendfile throws ENOTCONN on a repeated sendfile call if
the connection is closed. Normalize it to behave like other systems.

Travis when merging changes from a pull request onto the target branch
does not perform a rebase, instead it does a simple merge which causes
the PR commits to retain their commit dates. This means that the commit
log can potentially look like:

PR merge <-- HEAD
normal master commit <- master
more commits from normal workflow
PR commit 1
another master commit
PR commit 2

Performing a git diff from PR commit 2 to master will accidentally
include files that should not be there.

Closes python/core-workflow#14

Mention in the documentation of settrace and setprofile that errors in the
registered handlers will cause themselves unset.

bpo-31399: Let OpenSSL verify hostname and IP

The ssl module now uses OpenSSL's X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host() and
X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_ip() API to verify hostname and IP addresses.

* Remove match_hostname calls
* Check for libssl with set1_host, libssl must provide X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host()
* Add documentation for OpenSSL 1.0.2 requirement
* Don't support OpenSSL special mode with a leading dot, e.g. ".example.org" matches "www.example.org". It's not standard conform.
* Add hostname_checks_common_name
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>