Issue 2235: __hash__ is once again inherited by default, but inheritance can be blocked explicitly so that collections.Hashable remains meaningful

 Added checks for integer overflows, contributed by Google. Some are
 only available if asserts are left in the code, in cases where they
 can't be triggered from Python code.

 http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2008-June/079988.html

Python 2.6 should stick with PyString_* in its codebase.  The PyBytes_* names
in the spirit of 3.0 are available via a #define only.  See the email thread.

EOL 80 limit and supply more alternatives in warning messages.

Added some statistics code to dict and list object code. I wanted to test how a larger freelist affects the reusage of freed objects. Contrary to my gut feelings 80 objects is more than fine for small apps. I haven't profiled a large app yet.

in Object/ are named ``free_list``, the counter ``numfree`` and the upper
limit is a macro ``PyName_MAXFREELIST`` inside an #ifndef block.

The chances should make it easier to adjust Python for platforms with
less memory, e.g. mobile phones.

#1629: Renamed Py_Size, Py_Type and Py_Refcnt to Py_SIZE, Py_TYPE and Py_REFCNT. Macros for b/w compatibility are available.

pointer copy and object increment in one pass.  For small lists,
save the overhead of the call to memcpy() -- this comes up in
calls like f(*listcomp).

Factor-out common calling code by simplifying the length_hint API.
Speed-up the function by caching the PyObject_String for the attribute lookup.

merge -r59315:59316 from py3k: Fix issue #1553: An errornous __length_hint__ can make list() raise a SystemError

With some changes of my own thrown in (e.g. backport of r58107).

Introduce overflow checking into list_inplace_repeat.

Backport candidate, possibly.

PyObject_Print().

Closes issue #1164.

Closes issue #1096.

 - Specialcase extended slices that amount to a shallow copy the same way as
   is done for simple slices, in the tuple, string and unicode case.

 - Specialcase step-1 extended slices to optimize the common case for all
   involved types.

 - For lists, allow extended slice assignment of differing lengths as long
   as the step is 1. (Previously, 'l[:2:1] = []' failed even though
   'l[:2] = []' and 'l[:2:None] = []' do not.)

 - Implement extended slicing for buffer, array, structseq, mmap and
   UserString.UserString.

 - Implement slice-object support (but not non-step-1 slice assignment) for
   UserString.MutableString.

 - Add tests for all new functionality.

backwards compatibility. Add Py_Refcnt, Py_Type, Py_Size, and
PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT.

of some of the common builtin types.

Use a bit in tp_flags for each common builtin type.  Check the bit
to determine if any instance is a subclass of these common types.
The check avoids a function call and O(n) search of the base classes.
The check is done in the various Py*_Check macros rather than calling
PyType_IsSubtype().

All the bits are set in tp_flags when the type is declared
in the Objects/*object.c files because PyType_Ready() is not called
for all the types.  Should PyType_Ready() be called for all types?
If so and the change is made, the changes to the Objects/*object.c files
can be reverted (remove setting the tp_flags).  Objects/typeobject.c
would also have to be modified to add conditions
for Py*_CheckExact() in addition to each the PyType_IsSubtype check.

Will backport.

* unified the way intobject, longobject and mystrtoul handle
  values around -sys.maxint-1.

* in general, trying to entierely avoid overflows in any computation
  involving signed ints or longs is extremely involved.  Fixed a few
  simple cases where a compiler might be too clever (but that's all
  guesswork).

* more overflow checks against bad data in marshal.c.

* 2.5 specific: fixed a number of places that were still confusing int
  and Py_ssize_t.  Some of them could potentially have caused
  "real-world" breakage.

* list.pop(x): fixing overflow issues on x was messy.  I just reverted
  to PyArg_ParseTuple("n"), which does the right thing.  (An obscure
  test was trying to give a Decimal to list.pop()... doesn't make
  sense any more IMHO)

* trying to write a few tests...

Klocwork 286-287.

(I'm not backporting this, but if someone wants to, feel free.)

I modified this patch some by fixing style, some error checking, and adding
XXX comments.  This patch requires review and some changes are to be expected.
I'm checking in now to get the greatest possible review and establish a
baseline for moving forward.  I don't want this to hold up release if possible.

Check seq in both portions of if/else.

Klocwork #289-290.

using a custom, nearly-identical macro. This probably changes how some of
these functions are compiled, which may result in fractionally slower (or
faster) execution. Considering the nature of traversal, visiting much of the
address space in unpredictable patterns, I'd argue the code readability and
maintainability is well worth it ;P