Initial patch by Mark Shannon.

Patch by Matti Picus.

Recorded rollback of revisions 83837,83841 via svnmerge from
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k

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  r83837 | thomas.heller | 2010-08-08 19:58:53 +0200 (So, 08 Aug 2010) | 3 lines

  Fix issue5504: ctypes does now work with systems where mmap can't be
  PROT_WRITE and PROT_EXEC.
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  r83841 | thomas.heller | 2010-08-08 20:16:20 +0200 (So, 08 Aug 2010) | 2 lines

  Fix issue6869: refcount problem in the _ctypes extension.
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PROT_WRITE and PROT_EXEC.

PROT_WRITE and PROT_EXEC.

svn+ssh://svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k

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  r83325 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 11:37:03 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Copy Sun-specific inclusion of <alloca.h> from 2.7 maint to trunk; it seems to not have been merged to py3k.
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  r83328 | raymond.hettinger | 2010-07-31 12:14:41 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  Document how to change OrderedDict update order from first to last.
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  r83341 | georg.brandl | 2010-07-31 13:40:07 +0200 (Sa, 31 Jul 2010) | 1 line

  #9430: document timedelta str() and repr().
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Copy Sun-specific inclusion of <alloca.h> from 2.7 maint to trunk; it seems to not have been merged to py3k.

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k

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  r81032 | antoine.pitrou | 2010-05-09 17:52:27 +0200 (dim., 09 mai 2010) | 9 lines

  Recorded merge of revisions 81029 via svnmerge from
  svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

  ........
    r81029 | antoine.pitrou | 2010-05-09 16:46:46 +0200 (dim., 09 mai 2010) | 3 lines

    Untabify C files. Will watch buildbots.
  ........
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svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

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  r81029 | antoine.pitrou | 2010-05-09 16:46:46 +0200 (dim., 09 mai 2010) | 3 lines

  Untabify C files. Will watch buildbots.
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svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

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  r81029 | antoine.pitrou | 2010-05-09 16:46:46 +0200 (dim., 09 mai 2010) | 3 lines

  Untabify C files. Will watch buildbots.
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svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/branches/branch_libffi-3_0_10-win

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  r79115 | thomas.heller | 2010-03-19 22:14:47 +0100 (Fr, 19 Mrz 2010) | 7 lines

  Work in progress.  2 tests fail on x86/win32 because the stack
  checking code in ffi_call_win32 is not yet implemented.

  Remove most files from _ctypes/libffi_msvc, only two include files
  stay (updated from _ctypes/libffi/...).  Other files are used in the
  cross-platform _ctypes/libffi directory.
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  r79424 | thomas.heller | 2010-03-25 19:28:02 +0100 (Do, 25 Mrz 2010) | 1 line

  Build _ctypes on Win64.
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  r79491 | thomas.heller | 2010-03-29 21:30:33 +0200 (Mo, 29 Mrz 2010) | 4 lines

  On Windows, ctypes does no longer check the stack before and after
  calling a foreign function.
  This allows to use the unmodified libffi library.
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CObject to PyCapsule.

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

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  r71853 | thomas.heller | 2009-04-24 22:31:47 +0200 (Fr, 24 Apr 2009) | 3 lines

  Issue #3102: All global symbols that the _ctypes extension defines are
  now prefixed with 'Py' or '_ctypes'.
........

now prefixed with 'Py' or '_ctypes'.

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

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  r71640 | thomas.heller | 2009-04-16 08:26:33 +0200 (Do, 16 Apr 2009) | 1 line

  Remove unneeded code.
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  r71641 | thomas.heller | 2009-04-16 08:42:02 +0200 (Do, 16 Apr 2009) | 2 lines

  Remove duplicated function declaration.
  Make _pagesize static.
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svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

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  r71640 | thomas.heller | 2009-04-16 08:26:33 +0200 (Do, 16 Apr 2009) | 1 line

  Remove unneeded code.
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  r71641 | thomas.heller | 2009-04-16 08:42:02 +0200 (Do, 16 Apr 2009) | 2 lines

  Remove duplicated function declaration.
  Make _pagesize static.
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Make _pagesize static.

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

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  r63977 | thomas.heller | 2008-06-06 10:33:46 +0200 (Fri, 06 Jun 2008) | 31 lines

  Issue #1798: Add ctypes calling convention that allows safe access of errno.

  ctypes maintains thread-local storage that has space for two error
  numbers: private copies of the system 'errno' value and, on Windows,
  the system error code accessed by the GetLastError() and
  SetLastError() api functions.

  Foreign functions created with CDLL(..., use_errno=True), when called,
  swap the system 'errno' value with the private copy just before the
  actual function call, and swapped again immediately afterwards.  The
  'use_errno' parameter defaults to False, in this case 'ctypes_errno'
  is not touched.

  On Windows, foreign functions created with CDLL(...,
  use_last_error=True) or WinDLL(..., use_last_error=True) swap the
  system LastError value with the ctypes private copy.

  The values are also swapped immeditately before and after ctypes
  callback functions are called, if the callbacks are constructed using
  the new optional use_errno parameter set to True: CFUNCTYPE(...,
  use_errno=TRUE) or WINFUNCTYPE(..., use_errno=True).

  New ctypes functions are provided to access the ctypes private copies
  from Python:

  - ctypes.set_errno(value) and ctypes.set_last_error(value) store
    'value' in the private copy and returns the previous value.

  - ctypes.get_errno() and ctypes.get_last_error() returns the current
    ctypes private copies value.
........

ctypes maintains thread-local storage that has space for two error
numbers: private copies of the system 'errno' value and, on Windows,
the system error code accessed by the GetLastError() and
SetLastError() api functions.

Foreign functions created with CDLL(..., use_errno=True), when called,
swap the system 'errno' value with the private copy just before the
actual function call, and swapped again immediately afterwards.  The
'use_errno' parameter defaults to False, in this case 'ctypes_errno'
is not touched.

On Windows, foreign functions created with CDLL(...,
use_last_error=True) or WinDLL(..., use_last_error=True) swap the
system LastError value with the ctypes private copy.

The values are also swapped immeditately before and after ctypes
callback functions are called, if the callbacks are constructed using
the new optional use_errno parameter set to True: CFUNCTYPE(...,
use_errno=TRUE) or WINFUNCTYPE(..., use_errno=True).

New ctypes functions are provided to access the ctypes private copies
from Python:

- ctypes.set_errno(value) and ctypes.set_last_error(value) store
  'value' in the private copy and returns the previous value.

- ctypes.get_errno() and ctypes.get_last_error() returns the current
  ctypes private copies value.

for ctypes instances.  Closes issue #2404.

convention that allows safe access to errno)

This code does not yet work on OS X (__thread storage specifier not
available), so i needs a configure check plus a more portable
solution.

errno (and LastError, on Windows).

ctypes maintains a module-global, but thread-local, variable that
contains an error number; called 'ctypes_errno' for this discussion.
This variable is a private copy of the systems 'errno' value; the copy
is swapped with the 'errno' variable on several occasions.

Foreign functions created with CDLL(..., use_errno=True), when called,
swap the values just before the actual function call, and swapped
again immediately afterwards.  The 'use_errno' parameter defaults to
False, in this case 'ctypes_errno' is not touched.

The values are also swapped immeditately before and after ctypes
callback functions are called, if the callbacks are constructed using
the new optional use_errno parameter set to True: CFUNCTYPE(..., use_errno=TRUE)
or WINFUNCTYPE(..., use_errno=True).

Two new ctypes functions are provided to access the 'ctypes_errno'
value from Python:

- ctypes.set_errno(value) sets ctypes_errno to 'value', the previous
  ctypes_errno value is returned.

- ctypes.get_errno() returns the current ctypes_errno value.

---

On Windows, the same scheme is implemented for the error value which
is managed by the GetLastError() and SetLastError() windows api calls.

The ctypes functions are 'ctypes.set_last_error(value)' and
'ctypes.get_last_error()', the CDLL and WinDLL optional parameter is
named 'use_last_error', defaults to False.

---

On Windows, TlsSetValue and TlsGetValue calls are used to provide
thread local storage for the variables; ctypes compiled with __GNUC__
uses __thread variables.

Merged revisions 60056-60071,60073-60127,60129-60261,60263-60284,60286-62589,62591-62594 via svnmerge from
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/branches/py3k-ctypes-pep3118

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  r60059 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-18 22:17:05 +0100 (Fri, 18 Jan 2008) | 1 line

  Implement pep3118 format strings for SimpleCData types.
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  r60108 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-19 22:56:12 +0100 (Sat, 19 Jan 2008) | 3 lines

  Always use explicit endian specifiers for simple types, and a bug fix
  too.  Add unittest.
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  r60112 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-19 23:25:14 +0100 (Sat, 19 Jan 2008) | 2 lines

  Fully implement tp_asbuffer for pointer types.
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  r60261 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-24 22:01:29 +0100 (Thu, 24 Jan 2008) | 4 lines

  Added shape and ndim field to StgDictObject.  Implemented pep3118
  format string, ndim, and shape for array types.  Added a
  buffer_info(type_or_object) for testing.
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  r60278 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-25 11:53:33 +0100 (Fri, 25 Jan 2008) | 2 lines

  Implement pep3118 format strings for ctypes.Structure and ctypes.Union.
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  r60288 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-25 17:58:30 +0100 (Fri, 25 Jan 2008) | 2 lines

  All ctypes types now use the same CData_GetBuffer function.
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  r60289 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-25 19:59:45 +0100 (Fri, 25 Jan 2008) | 2 lines

  Fix format string for structures, and itemsize for arrays.
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  r60290 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-25 20:09:03 +0100 (Fri, 25 Jan 2008) | 2 lines

  Implement to format string for function pointers.
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  r60292 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-25 20:32:20 +0100 (Fri, 25 Jan 2008) | 3 lines

  Only structures with native packing implement the pep.  Unions, or
  packed structures do not.
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  r60293 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-25 20:34:31 +0100 (Fri, 25 Jan 2008) | 2 lines

  Update the test.
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  r60295 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-25 20:44:41 +0100 (Fri, 25 Jan 2008) | 2 lines

  Fixed a few XXX markers.
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  r60298 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-25 21:11:08 +0100 (Fri, 25 Jan 2008) | 1 line

  Fix test for 64-bt platform.
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  r60299 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-25 21:34:11 +0100 (Fri, 25 Jan 2008) | 2 lines

  Add test for the readonly bit.
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  r60384 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-28 08:45:04 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 4 lines

  Restructure the test so that it contains little endian format strings.
  On big endian machines, the format strings are converted by replacing
  '<' with '>'.
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  r60385 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-28 08:58:46 +0100 (Mon, 28 Jan 2008) | 1 line

  Bugfix and test for explicit big and little endian types.
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  r60428 | thomas.heller | 2008-01-29 22:00:37 +0100 (Tue, 29 Jan 2008) | 1 line

  Add comments to clarify the tests.
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  r62589 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-30 13:49:46 +0200 (Wed, 30 Apr 2008) | 1 line

  Fix compiler warnings.
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reference to themselves.

Backport from trunk.

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

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  r62481 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-24 20:14:19 +0200 (Do, 24 Apr 2008) | 3 lines

  Remove cyclic reference in CFuncPtr instances; see issue #2682.

  Backport candidate for the release25-maint branch.
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Backport candidate for the release25-maint branch.

svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk

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  r62338 | thomas.heller | 2008-04-14 18:10:07 +0200 (Mo, 14 Apr 2008) | 3 lines

  Issue #2616: Implement ctypes.pointer() and ctypes.POINTER() in C for
  better performance.
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better performance.

PyIndex_Check() was introduced in Python 2.5.

It would probably be better to have a configure test for that, but
this is outside of my configure expertise.