Handle PyCapsule_Import() failure (exception) in PyCodec_NameReplaceErrors():
return immedialty NULL.

PyObject_IsInstance(), PyObject_RichCompareBool() and _PyDict_Contains()
to check for and handle errors correctly.

decoding and translating.

"xmlcharrefreplace", and "surrogatepass" error handlers.

"xmlcharrefreplace", and "surrogatepass" error handlers.

encodings.

str.encode, bytes.decode and bytearray.decode now use an
internal API to throw LookupError for known non-text encodings,
rather than attempting the encoding or decoding operation and
then throwing a TypeError for an unexpected output type.

The latter mechanism remains in place for third party non-text
encodings.

Backported changeset d68df99d7a57.

- io.TextIOWrapper (and hence the open() builtin) now use the
  internal codec marking system added for issue #19619
- also tweaked the C code to only look up the encoding once,
  rather than multiple times
- the existing output type checks remain in place to deal with
  unmarked third party codecs.

str.encode, bytes.decode and bytearray.decode now use an
internal API to throw LookupError for known non-text encodings,
rather than attempting the encoding or decoding operation and
then throwing a TypeError for an unexpected output type.

The latter mechanism remains in place for third party non-text
encodings.

The utf-16* and utf-32* encoders no longer allow surrogate code points
(U+D800-U+DFFF) to be encoded.
The utf-32* decoders no longer decode byte sequences that correspond to
surrogate code points.
The surrogatepass error handler now works with the utf-16* and utf-32* codecs.

Based on patches by Victor Stinner and Kang-Hao (Kenny) Lu.

- output type errors now redirect users to the type-neutral
  convenience functions in the codecs module
- stateless errors that occur during encoding and decoding
  will now be automatically wrapped in exceptions that give
  the name of the codec involved

Patch written by Serhiy Storchaka.

 * In debug mode, fill the string data with invalid characters
 * Simplify also reference counting in PyCodec_BackslashReplaceErrors()
   and PyCodec_XMLCharRefReplaceError()