Implemented Martin's suggestion to clear the free lists during the garbage collection of the highest generation.

#1629: Renamed Py_Size, Py_Type and Py_Refcnt to Py_SIZE, Py_TYPE and Py_REFCNT. Macros for b/w compatibility are available.

backwards compatibility. Add Py_Refcnt, Py_Type, Py_Size, and
PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT.

In C++, it's an error to pass a string literal to a char* function
without a const_cast().  Rather than require every C++ extension
module to put a cast around string literals, fix the API to state the
const-ness.

I focused on parts of the API where people usually pass literals:
PyArg_ParseTuple() and friends, Py_BuildValue(), PyMethodDef, the type
slots, etc.  Predictably, there were a large set of functions that
needed to be fixed as a result of these changes.  The most pervasive
change was to make the keyword args list passed to
PyArg_ParseTupleAndKewords() to be a const char *kwlist[].

One cast was required as a result of the changes:  A type object
mallocs the memory for its tp_doc slot and later frees it.
PyTypeObject says that tp_doc is const char *; but if the type was
created by type_new(), we know it is safe to cast to char *.

exposed in header files.  Fixed a few comments in these headers.

As we might have expected, writing down invariants systematically exposed a
(minor) bug.  In this case, function objects have a writeable func_code
attribute, which could be set to code objects with the wrong number of
free variables.  Calling the resulting function segfaulted the interpreter.
Added a corresponding test.

* Used the flag to optimize set.__contains__(), dict.__contains__(),
  dict.__getitem__(), and list.__getitem__().

__module__ is the string name of the module the function was defined
in, just like __module__ of classes.  In some cases, particularly for
C functions, the __module__ may be None.

Change PyCFunction_New() from a function to a macro, but keep an
unused copy of the function around so that we don't change the binary
API.

Change pickle's save_global() to use whichmodule() if __module__ is
None, but add the __module__ logic to whichmodule() since it might be
used outside of pickle.

Thanks to Skip Montanaro and Kalle Svensson for the patches.

descriptor, as used for the tp_methods slot of a type.  These new flag
bits are both optional, and mutually exclusive.  Most methods will not
use either.  These flags are used to create special method types which
exist in the same namespace as normal methods without having to use
tedious construction code to insert the new special method objects in
the type's tp_dict after PyType_Ready() has been called.

If METH_CLASS is specified, the method will represent a class method
like that returned by the classmethod() built-in.

If METH_STATIC is specified, the method will represent a static method
like that returned by the staticmethod() built-in.

These flags may not be used in the PyMethodDef table for modules since
these special method types are not meaningful in that case; a
ValueError will be raised if these flags are found in that context.

The descr changes moved the dispatch for calling objects from
call_object() in ceval.c to PyObject_Call() in abstract.c.
call_object() and the many functions it used in ceval.c were no longer
used, but were not removed.

Rename meth_call() as PyCFunction_Call() so that it can be called by
the CALL_FUNCTION opcode in ceval.c.

Also, fix error message that referred to PyEval_EvalCodeEx() by its
old name eval_code2().  (I'll probably refer to it by its old name,
too.)

This should match the situation in the 1.6b1 tree.

to the .h file and add macros there for inlined access to the fields.

use the new names exclusively, and the linker will see the new names.
Files that import "Python.h" also only see the new names.  Files that
import "allobjects.h" will continue to be able to use the old names,
due to the inclusion (in allobjects.h) of "rename2.h".

object.h: made sizes and refcnts signed ints.
stringobject.h: make getstrsize() signed int.
methodobject.h: add METH_VARARGS and METH_FREENAME flag bit definitions.

* Makefile: change location of FORMS library.
* posixmodule.c: turn #if 0 into #ifdef MSDOS (stuff in unistd.h or not)
* Almost all .h files: added CPP magic to avoid duplicate inclusions and
  to support inclusion from C++.

* Stubs for faster implementation of local variables (not yet finished)
* Added function name to code object.  Print it for code and function
  objects.  THIS MAKES THE .PYC FILE FORMAT INCOMPATIBLE (the version
  number has changed accordingly)
* Print address of self for built-in methods
* New internal functions getattro and setattro (getattr/setattr with
  string object arg)
* Replaced "dictobject" with more powerful "mappingobject"
* New per-type functio tp_hash to implement arbitrary object hashing,
  and hashobject() to interface to it
* Added built-in functions hash(v) and hasattr(v, 'name')
* classobject: made some functions static that accidentally weren't;
  added __hash__ special instance method to implement hash()
* Added proper comparison for built-in methods and functions