Patch by Ilya Sandler.

ASCII/surrogateescape codec is now used, instead of the locale encoding, to
decode the command line arguments. This change fixes inconsistencies with
os.fsencode() and os.fsdecode() because these operating systems announces an
ASCII locale encoding, whereas the ISO-8859-1 encoding is used in practice.

encoded/decoded to/from UTF-8/surrogateescape, instead of the locale encoding
(which may be ASCII if no locale environment variable is set), to avoid
inconsistencies with os.fsencode() and os.fsdecode() functions which are
already using UTF-8/surrogateescape.

Patch by Serhiy Storchaka (reviewed by Martin and Raymond).

Patch by Serhiy Storchaka.

#16549: Make json.tool work again on Python 3 and add tests.  Initial patch by Berker Peksag and Serhiy Storchaka.

This commit adds "parameter" to the glossary, improves and consolidates the
"argument" glossary entry, and adds a question to the FAQ on the difference
between arguments and parameters.

This commit also moves the documentation for the str built-in function to
the new class entry.  Links to :class:`str` now go to the class entry with
the string methods immediately afterwards.

initialization. If the interpreter is shut down and reinitialized (embedded
CPython), the old module dictionary was not dec-refed during the next import of
the time extension module.

Contributed by Torsten Marek of Google.

Issue #12848: The pure Python pickle implementation now treats object lengths as unsigned 32-bit integers, like the C implementation does.
Patch by Serhiy Storchaka.

Patch by Mathias Panzenböck.

Issue #4473: Add a POP3.stls() to switch a clear-text POP3 session into an encrypted POP3 session, on supported servers.
Patch by Lorenzo Catucci.

Patch by Lorenzo Catucci.

Patch by Lorenzo Catucci.

Patch by me, most of the work (doc and tests) by Daniel Urban.

Patch by Serhiy Storchaka.

  (actually, any non-string or non-bytes type).

importlib.abc.SourceLoader.

This provides an easy hook into the import system to allow for source
transformations, AST optimizations, etc.

#16306: Fix multiple error messages when unknown command line parameters where passed to the interpreter.  Patch by Hieu Nguyen.

The concept of what was unexpected was typically defined as "some
depencendy wasn't installed", which isn't unexpected at all as it's
totally optional. Since it confuses new contributors as they think
something is wrong with their installation it seems sensible to get
rid of the concept.

This change also adds the concept of optional tests that are required
to work on a specific platform(s) (e.g. test_winreg on Windows). This
should help catch compile issues instead of a test being blindly
skipped even when it should have run.

The skipped test list in the future can also print out the reason for
being skipped to make it more obvious as to why the skipping occurred.

Patch by Serhiy Storchaka.

Patch by Serhiy Storchaka.

the user to import any parent packages.

Also merged two duplicate sections of Tools/Demos.