This is now an official "protected" API that can be used to write
classes that are duck-type-compatible with Future without subclassing
it.  (For that purpose I also changed isinstance(result, Future) to
check for this attribute instead.)

Hopefully Amber Brown can use this to make Twisted.Deferred compatible
with asyncio.Future.

Tests and docs are TBD. (Also there are more isinstance() checks to fix.)